ReviewFrontiers in endocrinology2021
The Leptin System and Diet: A Mini Review of the Current Evidence.
Review in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 107 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of skipping breakfast on cardiovascular risk factors: a grade-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and prospective cohort studies.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Pooled it
- Diet and Nutrients Intakes during Infancy and Childhood in Relation to Early Puberty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2022Pooled it
- Relationship between irregular diet and risk of esophageal cancer: A meta-analysis.Frontiers in genetics · 2022Pooled it
- A Healthy Diet Intervention Alters Food Preferences and Eating Behaviours Without Changing Appetite, Adipokines or Glucose Homoeostasis.Journal of obesity · 2026Trial
- Plasma Leptin and Adiponectin after a 4-Week Vegan Diet: A Randomized-Controlled Pilot Trial in Healthy Participants.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Trial
- Alternate-day fasting enhances leptin sensitivity via JMJD3-dependent epigenetic regulation of the leptin receptor in the hypothalamus.The Journal of nutritional biochemistry · 2026Article
- Article
- The Neurochemical Orchestra of the Runner's High: A Narrative Review of Neuromodulatory Mechanisms with a Focus on Endocannabinoids.The Neuroscientist : a review journal bringing neurobiology, neurology and psychiatry · 2026Review
- Secretion Patterns of Leptin: A Key Component in the Regulation of Energy Homeostasis and Its Therapeutic Applications.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Effects of the Paleo diet on resting metabolic rate in handball players.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Carbon Isotope Ratios as Biomarkers for Added Sugar Intake: Fundamental Limitations that Constrain Valid Application.The Journal of nutrition · 2026Review
- Evaluating the causal role of LEPR signaling in 16 cancers: A drug-target Mendelian randomization study.Medicine · 2026Article
- Fish Oil Alters the Metabolome, Antioxidative Potential, and Secretory Profile of Visceral Adipose Tissue in Mice with High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity Compared with Other Dietary Fat Sources.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Reducing methylation of histone 3.3 lysine 4 in the medial ganglionic eminence and hypothalamus recapitulates neurodevelopmental disorder phenotypes.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Approved and Pipeline Pharmacological Interventions for Eating Disorders (2010-2025): 15 Years of Progress (or Lack Thereof).CNS drugs · 2026Review
- Insulin Resistance and Inflammation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Article
- Restoring leptin sensitivity in metabolic and extra-metabolic leptin resistance: Pharmacologic strategies, systemic implications, and future directions.EXCLI journal · 2026Review
- Beneficial Effects ofJournal of obesity · 2026Article
- Leptin as a Potential Modifier of Neuroinflammation: Contrasting Roles in Alzheimer's Disease and Multiple Sclerosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Leptin promotes satiety and modulates energy balance and weight. Diet-induced obesity leads to leptin resistance, exacerbating overeating. We reviewed the literature on the relationship between diet and leptin, which suggests that addressing leptin resistance through dietary interventions can contribute counteracting obesity. Albeit some limitations (e.g., limited rigor, small samples sizes), studies in animals and humans show that diets high in fat, carbohydrates, fructose, and sucrose, and low in protein are drivers of leptin resistance. Despite methodological heterogeneity pertaining to this body of literature, experimental studies show that energy-restricted diets can reduce leptinemia both in the short and long term and potentially reverse leptin resistance in humans. We also discuss limitations of this evidence, future lines of research, and implications for clinical and public health translations. Main limitations include the lack of a single universally-accepted definition of leptin resistance, and of adequate ways to accurately measure it in humans. The use of leptin sensitizers (drugs) and genetically individualized diets are alternatives against leptin resistance that should be further researched in humans. The tested very-low-energy intervention diets are challenging to translate into wide clinical or population recommendations. In conclusion, the link between nutritional components and leptin resistance, as well as research indicating that this condition is reversible, emphasizes the potential of diet to recover sensitivity to this hormone. A harmonized definition of leptin resistance, reliable methods to measure it, and large-scale, translational, clinical, and precision nutrition research involving rigorous methods are needed to benefit populations through these approaches.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.