Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34907913›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of clinical investigation2021

BACH2 inhibition reverses β cell failure in type 2 diabetes models.

Jinsook Son, Hongxu Ding, Thomas B Farb, Alexander M Efanov, Jiajun Sun, Julie L Gore, Samreen K Syed, Zhigang Lei, Qidi Wang, Domenico Accili and 1 more

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of clinical investigation, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
41citing papers in PubMed
10.9field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

41 citing papers in PubMed, 68 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
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  8. Article
  9. Insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2025
    Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. β-Cell Dedifferentiation in HOMA-βlow and HOMA-βhigh Subjects.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Jinsook SonDepartment of Medicine and.
Hongxu DingDepartment of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
Thomas B FarbLilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
Alexander M EfanovLilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
Jiajun SunShanghai National Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Julie L GoreLilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
Samreen K SyedLilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
Zhigang LeiLilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
Qidi WangShanghai National Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Domenico AcciliDepartment of Medicine and.
Andrea CalifanoDepartment of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
Eli Lilly (United States) · USColumbia University · USColumbia University Irving Medical Center · USShanghai Jiao Tong University · CN

Funding

Translational Biomarker Analytical Core (TBAC)P30DK063608 · NIDDK · COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI Rebecca Anne Haeusler, Utpal Pajvani · 2003 to 2026
$36.7M
The Human Islet Distribution Coordinating Center (UC4)UC4DK098085 · NIDDK · BECKMAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE/CITY OF HOPE · PI EVANS-MOLINA, CARMELLA, NILAND, JOYCE CAROL · 2012 to 2017
$25.6M
Integrated Islet Distribution Program (U24) - 2021U24DK098085 · NIDDK · BECKMAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE/CITY OF HOPE · PI Carmella Evans-Molina, Joyce Carol Niland · 2021 to 2026
$17.8M
Predicting Cancer Cell Response to Endogenous and Exogenous Perturbations at the Single Cell LevelR35CA197745 · NCI · COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI ANDREA CALIFANO · 2015 to 2026
$11.5M
MECHANISMS OF BETA CELL FAILURER01DK064819 · NIDDK · COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI ACCILI, DOMENICO · 2003 to 2025
$10.5M
BD Biosciences InfluxS10OD020056 · OD · COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI SNOECK, HANS-WILLEM E · 2015 to 2015
$600k
Analysis of beta cell dedifferentiation using scRNA-seq of human T2DF32DK117574 · NIDDK · COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI SON, JINSOOK · 2018 to 2018
$48k
NCI NIH HHS R35 CA197745NIDDK NIH HHS F32 DK117574NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK063608NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK064819NIDDK NIH HHS U24 DK098085NIDDK NIH HHS UC4 DK098085NIH HHS S10 OD020056
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with defective insulin secretion and reduced β cell mass. Available treatments provide a temporary reprieve, but secondary failure rates are high, making insulin supplementation necessary. Reversibility of β cell failure is a key translational question. Here, we reverse engineered and interrogated pancreatic islet-specific regulatory networks to discover T2D-specific subpopulations characterized by metabolic inflexibility and endocrine progenitor/stem cell features. Single-cell gain- and loss-of-function and glucose-induced Ca2+ flux analyses of top candidate master regulatory (MR) proteins in islet cells validated transcription factor BACH2 and associated epigenetic effectors as key drivers of T2D cell states. BACH2 knockout in T2D islets reversed cellular features of the disease, restoring a nondiabetic phenotype. BACH2-immunoreactive islet cells increased approximately 4-fold in diabetic patients, confirming the algorithmic prediction of clinically relevant subpopulations. Treatment with a BACH inhibitor lowered glycemia and increased plasma insulin levels in diabetic mice, and restored insulin secretion in diabetic mice and human islets. The findings suggest that T2D-specific populations of failing β cells can be reversed and indicate pathways for pharmacological intervention, including via BACH2 inhibition.

Indexed as

Calcium SignalingEpigenesis, GeneticBasic-Leucine Zipper Transcription FactorsDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2HEK293 CellsHumansInsulin-Secreting CellsBACH2 protein, humanBasic-Leucine Zipper Transcription FactorsBeta cellsDiabetesEndocrinologyMetabolism

Identifiers

PMID34907913
PMCPMC8670842
OpenAlexW4200227253

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.