Evidence mapPaperPMID 34918213Full record

ArticleDiabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders2022

Higher Rates of Persistence and Adherence in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Initiating Once-Weekly vs Daily Injectable Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in US Clinical Practice (STAY Study).

William H Polonsky, Riya Arora, Mads Faurby, João Fernandes, Andreas Liebl

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
43citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
8.2field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

43 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 84 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Systematic Literature Review of Outcomes Associated With Adherence to Haemophilia Drug Therapy.Haemophilia : the official journal of the World Federation of Hemophilia · 2025
    Pooled it
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  17. A Clinical Comprehensive Evaluation of Long-Acting GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Type 2 Diabetes Management.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2026
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  18. Review
  19. Review
  20. Efficacy and Safety of Once-Weekly Insulin Icodec in Indian Participants with Diabetes: Results from ONWARDS 1, 4, and 6 Studies.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 3 institutions in 4 countries.

William H PolonskyBehavioral Diabetes Institute, 5230 Carroll Canyon Road, Suite 208, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA. whp@behavioraldiabetes.org.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9064-6144
Riya AroraNovo Nordisk Service Centre Pvt Ltd, Bangalore, India.
Mads FaurbyNovo Nordisk A/S, Søborg, Denmark.
João FernandesNovo Nordisk A/S, Søborg, Denmark.
Andreas LieblCenter for Diabetes and Metabolism, m&i-Fachklinik Bad Heilbrunn, Bad Heilbrunn, Germany.
Novo Nordisk (Denmark) · DKBehavioral Pharma (United States) · USNovo Nordisk (India) · IN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionReducing dosing frequency may lower treatment burden and improve persistence and adherence. This retrospective, observational study assessed persistence and adherence in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) initiating once-weekly or daily injectable glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) in US clinical practice.

methodsThe study used data from adults (≥ 18 years) with T2D who were included in the IBM MarketScan Explorys Claims-EMR Data Set for ≥ 180 days pre-index and ≥ 365 days post-index, were GLP-1 RA and insulin naïve at first claim (index date) for once-weekly or daily injectable GLP-1 RAs (follow-up: index date + 365 days), and were propensity score (PS) matched 1:1 by baseline characteristics. Persistence, defined as the stay time, was assessed using Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards models. Adherence was defined as a proportion of days covered of 0.8 or greater. To assess whether patients with more advanced disease would benefit from long-acting treatments, patients were matched to the baseline characteristics of basal insulin initiators using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW).

resultsThe PS-matched cohorts (n = 784 each) had similar baseline characteristics. Once-weekly regimens were associated with significantly higher persistence than daily treatments (median stay time: 333 vs 269 days; hazard ratio 0.80 [95% confidence interval 0.71, 0.90]; p < 0.01) and with significantly higher adherence than daily regimens at 6 months and 12 months (p < 0.01 for both). Mean glycated haemoglobin reductions were greater with once-weekly than with daily treatment at 6 months (- 1.1% vs - 0.9%; p < 0.01) and 12 months (- 0.9% vs - 0.7%; p = not significant); adherent patients experienced greater reductions than those with poor adherence. Results were similar in the IPTW-matched analysis.

conclusionIn US clinical practice, once-weekly injectable treatments are associated with better persistence and adherence than daily regimens over 1 year. Once-weekly regimens may also benefit patients with more advanced T2D.

Indexed as

AdherenceGLP-1 receptor agonistObservationalPersistenceReal-world evidenceType 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID34918213
PMCPMC8776963
OpenAlexW4200355173

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.