SynthesisClinical chemistry2022
Obesity and Kidney Function: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study.
Synthesis in Clinical chemistry, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 117 citations in OpenAlex.
- Unraveling the Controversy: The Causal Link Between Osteoarthritis and Alzheimer's Disease.Brain and behavior · 2025Pooled it
- Migraines and the association of cognitive impairment: a one- and two-sample mendelian randomization analysis.Dialogues in clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Mechanisms of Obesity-Related Kidney Disease: From Adipose Depot Biology to the Chymase-Aldosterone and Ghrelin-Leptin Axes.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Late-adolescent weight categories and early kidney disease in young adulthood: a nationwide study of Arab and Jewish Israelis.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Article
- Non-linear relationship between BMI and eGFR at admission in elderly patients with hip fractures: a retrospective cross-sectional study.BMC geriatrics · 2026Article
- Obesity and Its Clinical Implications in End-Stage Kidney Disease.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- Interpretable machine learning for prognostic prediction in critically ill patients with coronary artery disease: a multicenter study.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Diagnostic value of urinary albumin creatinine ratio in predicting vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy in patients with diabetes: a systematic review and Meta-analysis.International journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Sex-Specific Predictive Value of Obesity-Related Indicators for Diabetic Kidney Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2026Article
- Oncostatin M mediates the causal relationship between obesity and chronic kidney disease: evidence from Mendelian randomization and experimental validation.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2025Article
- Global burden and epidemic trends of chronic kidney disease attributable to high body mass index: insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.Renal failure · 2025Article
- Article
- Explainable machine learning framework using visceral adiposity index to predict cardiorenal syndrome: a survey-weighted NHANES study with SHAP interpretation.Renal failure · 2025Article
- Genetic evidence linking gastroesophageal reflux disease to chronic kidney disease and kidney failure: a two-step Mendelian randomization study.Renal failure · 2025Article
- Perinephric fat volume and its negative correlation with the eGFR according to a population health screening: a cross-sectional study.Renal failure · 2025Article
- Body Composition and Kidney Outcomes: A Cohort Study of Rapid Kidney Function Decline and a Mendelian Randomization Analysis of CKD Incidence.Kidney medicine · 2025Article
- Relationships of triglyceride-glucose index and body mass index with 5-year all-cause mortality in patients with diabetes and comorbid hypertension: Evidence from two prospective cohort studies.Journal of clinical & translational endocrinology · 2025Article
- Exploring the common genetic basis of metabolic syndrome-related diseases and chronic kidney disease: insights from extensive genome-wide cross-trait analyses.BioData mining · 2025Article
- Metabolic health and cardiovascular disease across BMI categories: NHANES findings.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025Article
- Renal function trajectories of Japanese adults with diabetic kidney disease on different diet therapies including energy-restricted and low-carbohydrate diets: a retrospective cohort study.Diabetology international · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundObesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are correlated risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD).
methodsUsing summary data from GIANT (Genetic Investigation of Anthropometric Traits), DIAGRAM (DIAbetes Genetics Replication And Meta-analysis), and CKDGen (CKD Genetics), we examined causality and directionality of the association between obesity and kidney function. Bidirectional 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) estimated the total causal effects of body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) on kidney function, and vice versa. Effects of adverse obesity and T2D were examined by stratifying BMI variants by their association with WHR and T2D. Multivariable MR estimated the direct causal effects of BMI and WHR on kidney function. The inverse variance weighted random-effects MR for Europeans was the main analysis, accompanied by several sensitivity MR analyses.
resultsOne standard deviation (SD ≈ 4.8 kg/m2) genetically higher BMI was associated with decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) [β=-0.032 (95% confidence intervals: -0.036, -0.027) log[eGFR], P = 1 × 10-43], increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) [β = 0.010 (0.005, 0.015) log[BUN], P = 3 × 10-6], increased urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio [β = 0.199 (0.067, 0.332) log[urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR)], P = 0.003] in individuals with diabetes, and increased risk of microalbuminuria [odds ratios (OR) = 1.15 [1.04-1.28], P = 0.009] and CKD [1.13 (1.07-1.19), P = 3 × 10-6]. Corresponding estimates for WHR and for trans-ethnic populations were overall similar. The associations were driven by adverse obesity, and for microalbuminuria additionally by T2D. While genetically high BMI, unlike WHR, was directly associated with eGFR, BUN, and CKD, the pathway to albuminuria was likely through T2D. Genetically predicted kidney function was not associated with BMI or WHR.
conclusionsGenetically high BMI is associated with impaired kidney function, driven by adverse obesity, and for albuminuria additionally by T2D.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.