Observational studyOpen heart2021
Soluble ST2 concentrations associate with in-hospital mortality and need for mechanical ventilation in unselected patients with COVID-19.
Observational study in Open heart, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04314232 (Changes in Organ Specific Biomarkers, Virus Expression and Prognosis of Covid-19), which is not on this map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Changes in Organ Specific Biomarkers, Virus Expression and Prognosis of Covid-19
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- sST2 is a key outcome biomarker in COVID-19: insights from discovery randomized trial.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- E3 ligase CHIP restoration facilitates the effect of αMolecular biomedicine · 2025Article
- The Contingency of Reported sST2 Serum Concentrations with a Protein Detection System (ELISA) from the Same Manufacturer (R&D Biotechne, 2002-2025): An Explanatory Effort by Applied Medical Researchers.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Serum sST2: key biomarkers in COVID-19 patients with implications for coronary artery disease.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Cardiac Radiofrequency Ablation Exacerbates Myocardial Injury through Pro-Inflammatory Response and Pro-Oxidative Stress in Elderly Patients with Persistent Atrial Fibrillation.Current vascular pharmacology · 2024Article
- A biomarker for bacteremia in pregnant women with acute pyelonephritis: soluble suppressor of tumorigenicity 2 or sST2.The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians · 2023Article
- Soluble ST2 as a Useful Biomarker for Predicting Clinical Outcomes in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Utility of cardiac bioenzymes in predicting cardiovascular outcomes in SARS-CoV-2.World journal of virology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveSoluble ST2 (sST2) reflects inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and myocardial fibrosis, is produced in the lungs and is an established biomarker in heart failure. We sought to determine the role of sST2 in COVID-19 by assessing pathophysiological correlates and its association to in-hospital outcomes.
methodsWe enrolled 123 consecutive, hospitalised patients with COVID-19 in the prospective, observational COVID-19 MECH study. Biobank samples were collected at baseline, day 3 and day 9. The key exposure variable was sST2, and the outcome was ICU treatment with mechanical ventilation or in-hospital death.
resultsConcentrations of sST2 at baseline was median 48 (IQR 37-67) ng/mL, and 74% had elevated concentrations (>37.9 ng/mL). Higher baseline sST2 concentrations were associated with older age, male sex, white race, smoking, diabetes, hypertension and chronic kidney disease. Baseline sST2 also associated with the presence of SARS-CoV-2 viraemia, lower oxygen saturation, higher respiratory rate and increasing concentrations of biomarkers reflecting inflammation, thrombosis and cardiovascular disease. During the hospitalisation, 8 (7%) patients died and 27 (22%) survivors received intensive care unit (ICU) treatment. Baseline sST2 concentrations demonstrated a graded association with disease severity (median, IQR): medical ward 43 (36-59) ng/mL; ICU 67 (39-104) ng/mL and non-survivors 107 (72-116) ng/mL (p<0.001 for all comparisons). These associations persisted at day 3 and day 9 .
conclusionssST2 concentrations associate with SARS-CoV-2 viraemia, hypoxaemia and concentrations of inflammatory and cardiovascular biomarkers. There was a robust association between baseline sST2 and disease severity that was independent of, and superior to, established risk factors. sST2 reflects key pathophysiology and may be a promising biomarker in COVID-19. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT04314232.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.