Prolonged efavirenz exposure reduces peripheral oxytocin and vasopressin comparable to known drugs of addiction in male Sprague Dawley rats.

Mandi Le Roux, Marisa Möller, Brian H Harvey

Open access · goldAbstract read

In one paragraph

Article in IBRO neuroscience reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

1citing papers in PubMed

0.2field-weighted citation impact, top 42% of its field

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.

Variability in Oxytocin Blood Levels in Rats: A Review and Experimental Insights.Clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2025
Article

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Mandi Le RouxDivision of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.

Marisa MöllerDivision of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.

Brian H HarveyDivision of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.

North-West University · ZA

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionSeveral drugs of abuse (DOA) are capable of modulating neurohypophysial hormones, such as oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (VP), potentially resulting in the development of psychological abnormalities, such as cognitive dysfunction, psychoses, and affective disorders. Efavirenz (EFV), widely used in Africa and globally to treat HIV, induces diverse neuropsychiatric side effects while its abuse has become a global concern. The actions of EFV may involve neurohypophysial system (NS) disruption like that of known DOA. This study investigated whether sub-chronic EFV exposure, at a previously-determined rewarding dose, alters peripheral OT and VP levels versus that of a control, ∆ MATERIALS AND

methodsTo simulate the conditions under which reward-driven behavior had previously been established for EFV, male Sprague Dawley rats (

resultsDelta-9-THC reduced OT and VP plasma levels (

conclusionEFV markedly affects the NS in significantly reducing

Indexed as

5-HT, 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin)∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol∆9-THC, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinolAch, acetylcholineADH, antidiuretic hormoneAEA, N-arachidonoylethanolamine (anandamide)ANOVA, one-way analysis of varianceARRIVE, animal research: reporting of in vivo experiments (guidelines)ARV, antiretroviralcART, combined antiretroviral therapyCB, cannabinoidCNS, central nervous systemCocaineCPP, conditioned place preferenceDA, dopamineDAT, dopamine transporterDOA‘s, drug(s) of abuseECS, endocannabinoid systemEfavirenzEFV, efavirenzELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assayGABA, gamma-aminobutyric acidGlu, glutamateHIV, human immunodeficiency virusHNS, hypothalamic neurohypophysial systemHPA, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (axis)IP, intraperitonealIV, intravenousMA, methamphetamineMAO, monoamine oxidaseMethamphetamineM, muscarinicNAc, nucleus accumbensNE, norepinephrineNO, nitric oxideNPAE, neuropsychiatric adverse effectOT, oxytocinOTR, oxytocin receptorOxytocinPND, postnatal dayPVN, paraventricular nucleusSC, subcutaneousSD, Sprague Dawley (rat)SEM, standard error of the meanSERT, serotonin transporterSON, supraoptic nucleusVasopressinVMAT, vesicular monoamine transporterVPR, vasopressin receptorVP, vasopressin

Identifiers

PMID34939063

DOI10.1016/j.ibneur.2021.06.003

PMCPMC8664698

OpenAlexW3173596570

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY-NC-ND

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.