Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34945363›Full record

ArticleMicromachines2021

Osmotically Enabled Wearable Patch for Sweat Harvesting and Lactate Quantification.

Tamoghna Saha, Jennifer Fang, Sneha Mukherjee, Charles T Knisely, Michael D Dickey, Orlin D Velev

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Micromachines, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
1.9field-weighted citation impact, top 14% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Making Sweat Measurable: Induction, Sampling, and Refreshment in Wearable Biofluid Sensing.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Tamoghna SahaDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7905, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0753-3577
Jennifer FangDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7905, USA.
Sneha MukherjeeDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7905, USA.
Charles T KniselyDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7905, USA.
Michael D DickeyDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7905, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1251-1871
Orlin D VelevDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7905, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0473-8056
North Carolina State University · US

Funding

Nano-Bio Materials Consortium (NBMC) NB18-20-21NSF-ASSIST Center for Advanced Self Powered Systems of Integrated Sensors and Technologies EEC-1160483
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Lactate is an essential biomarker for determining the health of the muscles and oxidative stress levels in the human body. However, most of the currently available sweat lactate monitoring devices require external power, cannot measure lactate under low sweat rates (such as in humans at rest), and do not provide adequate information about the relationship between sweat and blood lactate levels. Here, we discuss the on-skin operation of our recently developed wearable sweat sampling patch. The patch combines osmosis (using hydrogel discs) and capillary action (using paper microfluidic channel) for long-term sweat withdrawal and management. When subjects are at rest, the hydrogel disc can withdraw fluid from the skin via osmosis and deliver it to the paper. The lactate amount in the fluid is determined using a colorimetric assay. During active sweating (e.g., exercise), the paper can harvest sweat even in the absence of the hydrogel patch. The captured fluid contains lactate, which we quantify using a colorimetric assay. The measurements show the that the total number of moles of lactate in sweat is correlated to sweat rate. Lactate concentrations in sweat and blood correlate well only during high-intensity exercise. Hence, sweat appears to be a suitable biofluid for lactate quantification. Overall, this wearable patch holds the potential of providing a comprehensive analysis of sweat lactate trends in the human body.

Indexed as

biochemical assaycapillaryevaporationhydrogelslactateosmotic pumpingpaper microfluidicssensingsweatwicking

Identifiers

PMID34945363
PMCPMC8705979
OpenAlexW4200245311

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.