Evidence mapPaperPMID 34948003Full record

ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2021

Plant Sterol-Poor Diet Is Associated with Pro-Inflammatory Lipid Mediators in the Murine Brain.

Madlen Reinicke, Judith Leyh, Silke Zimmermann, Soroth Chey, Ilijana Begcevic Brkovic, Christin Wassermann, Julia Landmann, Dieter Lütjohann, Berend Isermann, Ingo Bechmann and 1 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
1.0field-weighted citation impact, top 22% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. A probiotic for preventing microplastic toxicity:Current research in food science · 2025
    Article
  6. The neurobiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2024
    Review
  7. β-Sitosterol Alleviates Neuropathic Pain by Affect Microglia Polarization through Inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB Signaling Pathway.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2023
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Madlen ReinickeInstitute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Leipzig University, Liebigstr. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-3864-6424
Judith LeyhInstitute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, Liebigstr. 13, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
Silke ZimmermannInstitute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Leipzig University, Liebigstr. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-9644-8907
Soroth CheyInstitute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Leipzig University, Liebigstr. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-7150-1791
Ilijana Begcevic BrkovicInstitute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Leipzig University, Liebigstr. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
Christin WassermannInstitute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Leipzig University, Liebigstr. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
Julia LandmannInstitute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, Liebigstr. 13, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
Dieter LütjohannInstitute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-7941-8308
Berend IsermannInstitute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Leipzig University, Liebigstr. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-0714-6160
Ingo BechmannInstitute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, Liebigstr. 13, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
Uta CeglarekInstitute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Leipzig University, Liebigstr. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
Leipzig University · DEUniversity Hospital Bonn · DE

Funding

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft 209933838 - SFB-1052/A9
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Plant sterols (PSs) cannot be synthesized in mammals and are exclusively diet-derived. PSs cross the blood-brain barrier and may have anti-neuroinflammatory effects. Obesity is linked to lower intestinal uptake and blood levels of PSs, but its effects in terms of neuroinflammation-if any-remain unknown. We investigated the effect of high-fat diet-induced obesity on PSs in the brain and the effects of the PSs campesterol and β-sitosterol on in vitro microglia activation. Sterols (cholesterol, precursors, PSs) and polyunsaturated fatty acid-derived lipid mediators were measured in the food, blood, liver and brain of C57BL/6J mice. Under a PSs-poor high-fat diet, PSs levels decreased in the blood, liver and brain (>50%). This effect was reversible after 2 weeks upon changing back to a chow diet. Inflammatory thromboxane B2 and prostaglandin D2 were inversely correlated to campesterol and β-sitosterol levels in all brain regions. PSs content was determined post mortem in human cortex samples as well. In vitro, PSs accumulate in lipid rafts isolated from SIM-A9 microglia cell membranes. In summary, PSs levels in the blood, liver and brain were associated directly with PSs food content and inversely with BMI. PSs dampen pro-inflammatory lipid mediators in the brain. The identification of PSs in the human cortex in comparable concentration ranges implies the relevance of our findings for humans.

Indexed as

Animal FeedAnimalsCells, CulturedCholesterolChromatography, LiquidDiet, High-FatDisease Models, AnimalFatty Acids, UnsaturatedHumansLipidomicsLiverMaleMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMicrogliaNeuroinflammatory DiseasescampesterolCholesterolFatty Acids, Unsaturatedgamma-sitosterolPhytosterolsSitosterolsbrainCOXinflammationmicrogliaplant sterols

Identifiers

PMID34948003
PMCPMC8707069
OpenAlexW4200024121

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.