ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
Glial-Neuronal Interactions in Pathogenesis and Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 75 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunoregulation of Glia after spinal cord injury: a bibliometric analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- Stem Cell Strategies in Promoting Neuronal Regeneration after Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Pooled it
- Advances in the research of the role of macrophage/microglia polarization-mediated inflammatory response in spinal cord injury.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Spatiotemporal disarray of inflammatory microenvironment following spinal cord injury.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Nanoformulated fingolimod attenuates NLRP3 inflammasome activation and promotes functional recovery in a rat model of spinal cord injury.Spinal cord · 2026Article
- Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on motor ability, neurophysiological changes, mental health, and activities of daily living in spinal cord injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026Article
- Recent Advances in Diversified Materials for Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Exercise training promotes nerve cell repair and regeneration after spinal cord injury.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Widespread AAV-mediated CSPG digestion impairs functional recovery after cervical spinal cord injury.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- DLK inhibition has sex-specific effects on neuroprotection and locomotor recovery after spinal cord injury.Experimental neurology · 2026Article
- Electroacupuncture alleviates migraine through CXCL13/CXCR5-mediated communication.Chinese medicine · 2026Article
- Roles and regulatory mechanisms of autophagy in the pathology of spinal cord injury.Burns & trauma · 2026Review
- Targeting Interleukin-6 Signaling with Reactive-Oxygen-Species-Responsive Hydrogel to Promote Regeneration after Spinal Cord Injury.Biomaterials research · 2026Article
- Tibolone Improves Motor Recovery and Regulates Neuroinflammation and Gliosis in a Model of Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Exploring synergistic effects: Atorvastatin and electrical stimulation in spinal cord injury therapy.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2025Article
- Conditioned medium derived from mesenchymal stem cells and spinal cord injury: A review of the current therapeutic capacities.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2025Review
- Precision Nanotherapy for Spinal Cord Injury: Modulating SLC16A3 With Methylprednisolone-Loaded Nanoparticles.Neurospine · 2025Article
- Rewiring the Spine-Cutting-Edge Stem Cell Therapies for Spinal Cord Repair.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Stimuli-Responsive Nanomedicines for the Treatment of Non-cancer Related Inflammatory Diseases.ACS nano · 2025Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) elicits an acute inflammatory response which comprises numerous cell populations. It is driven by the immediate response of macrophages and microglia, which triggers activation of genes responsible for the dysregulated microenvironment within the lesion site and in the spinal cord parenchyma immediately adjacent to the lesion. Recently published data indicate that microglia induces astrocyte activation and determines the fate of astrocytes. Conversely, astrocytes have the potency to trigger microglial activation and control their cellular functions. Here we review current information about the release of diverse signaling molecules (pro-inflammatory vs. anti-inflammatory) in individual cell phenotypes (microglia, astrocytes, blood inflammatory cells) in acute and subacute SCI stages, and how they contribute to delayed neuronal death in the surrounding spinal cord tissue which is spared and functional but reactive. In addition, temporal correlation in progressive degeneration of neurons and astrocytes and their functional interactions after SCI are discussed. Finally, the review highlights the time-dependent transformation of reactive microglia and astrocytes into their neuroprotective phenotypes (M2a, M2c and A2) which are crucial for spontaneous post-SCI locomotor recovery. We also provide suggestions on how to modulate the inflammation and discuss key therapeutic approaches leading to better functional outcome after SCI.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.