ArticleLiver cancer2021
Early Antibiotic Exposure Is Not Detrimental to Therapeutic Effect from Immunotherapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
Article in Liver cancer, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- Role of Immunotherapy in the Management of Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review.Current cancer drug targets · 2025Pooled it
- Impact of concomitant medications on the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors: an umbrella review.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Association between gut microbiota and hepatocellular carcinoma from 2011 to 2022: Bibliometric analysis and global trends.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the impact of antibiotic use on the clinical outcomes of cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Pooled it
- The impact of antibiotic use on clinical features and survival outcomes of cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- The association between antibiotic use and outcomes of HCC patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Short-term efficacy assessment of transarterial chemoembolization combined with radioactive iodine therapy in primary hepatocellular carcinoma.World journal of gastrointestinal surgery · 2023Trial
- Leveraging gut microbiota for enhanced immune checkpoint blockade in solid tumor therapy.Chinese medical journal · 2026Review
- [Research progress on poor response, resistance mechanisms, and influencing factors of immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma].Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese journal of hepatology · 2026Review
- How the gut microbiome affects the immunotherapy response in hepatocellular carcinoma.Cancer biology & medicine · 2026Review
- Influence of Gut Microbiota on Response to Immune Check Point Inhibitors in MASLD Patients With HCC: Unraveling the Connection.Cancer medicine · 2026Review
- Bibliometric Analysis of Gut Microbiota and Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Research Trends and Frontiers.Journal of hepatocellular carcinoma · 2026Article
- Article
- Early antibiotic exposure does not affect prognosis in patients with advanced gastric cancer treated with PD-1 inhibitors.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Noninvasive prediction of the clinical benefit of immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma.Journal of gastroenterology · 2025Review
- Microbiome dysbiosis and immune checkpoint inhibitors: Dual targets in Hepatocellular carcinoma management.World journal of hepatology · 2025Review
- Gut microbiota shapes cancer immunotherapy responses.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2025Review
- Regulatory role of gut microbiota in immunotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma.Hepatology international · 2025Review
- Gut Microbiota and Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Metabolic Products and Immunotherapy Modulation.Cancer medicine · 2025Review
- Intratumoral microbiota for hepatocellular carcinoma: from preclinical mechanisms to clinical cancer treatment.Cancer cell international · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
35 authors at 17 institutions in 7 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
background and rationaleImmune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy is an expanding therapeutic option for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Antibiotics (ATB) taken prior to or early during ICI therapy can impact immunotherapy efficacy across indications; however, the effect of ATB is undefined in HCC.
methodsIn a large international cohort of 450 ICI recipients from Europe, North America, and Asia, we categorized patients according to timing of ATB focusing on exposure within -30 to +30 days from ICI (early immunotherapy period [EIOP]). EIOP was evaluated in association with overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and best radiologic response using RECIST 1.1 criteria.
resultsOur study comprised mostly cirrhotic (329, 73.3%) males (355, 79.1%) with a Child-Turcotte Pugh class of A (332, 73.9%), receiving ICI after 1 therapy line (251, 55.9%) for HCC of Barcelona clinic liver cancer stage C (325, 72.4%). EIOP (
conclusionsUnlike other oncological indications, ATB in the 30 days before or after ICI initiation is associated with improved benefit from immunotherapy, independent of disease and treatment-related features. Evaluation of the immune microbiologic determinants of response to ICI in HCC warrants further investigation.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.