Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34950508›Full record

ReviewCardiac failure review2021

The Gap to Fill: Rationale for Rapid Initiation and Optimal Titration of Comprehensive Disease-modifying Medical Therapy for Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction.

Nicholas K Brownell, Boback Ziaeian, Gregg C Fonarow

2 registry-linked trialsAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Cardiac failure review, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 21 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
21citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07547878 phase4not yet recruitingstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial to Assess Feasibility, Safety, and Efficacy of Rapid, Simultaneous Therapy Initiation in Chronic Kidney Disease and Type 2 Diabetes: RAPID-CKD

Ran2026Enrolled64Registered outcomes18Posted comparisons0ConditionsChronic Kidney Disease, Type 2 DiabetesArmsAccupril, Aceon, Altace, Atacand, Avapro
PMID 34423370PMID 38785209PMID 37952217PMID 34529313PMID 34655282PMID 34779091PMID 35072048PMID 26264780PMID 35529086PMID 35935070PMID 36148880PMID 36339664other papers from this trial
Open the trial in the graph
NCT05806970 nawithdrawnnot on this mapstarted 2023, after this paper: background citation

Email Nudges to Improve GDMT (MRA) Adherence in Heart Failure

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of California, Los AngelesRan2023 to 2023Enrolled0ConditionsHeart Failure With Reduced Ejection FractionArmsEmail Nudge
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

21 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Nicholas K BrownellDivision of Cardiology, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Los Angeles, CA, US.
Boback ZiaeianDivision of Cardiology, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Los Angeles, CA, US.
Gregg C FonarowDivision of Cardiology, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Los Angeles, CA, US.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

There are gaps in the use of therapies that save lives and improve quality of life for patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, both in the US and abroad. The evidence is clear that initiation and titration of guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) and comprehensive disease-modifying medical therapy (CDMMT) to maximally tolerated doses improves patient-focused outcomes, yet observational data suggest this does not happen. The purpose of this review is to describe the gap in the use of optimal treatment worldwide and discuss the benefits of newer heart failure therapies including angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors. It will also cover the efficacy and safety of such treatments and provide potential pathways for the initiation and rapid titration of GDMT/CDMMT.

Indexed as

comprehensive disease-modifying medical therapycost benefitsearly treatment initiationguideline-directed medical therapyHeart failurerates of use

Identifiers

PMID34950508
PMCPMC8674626

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.