Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34969401›Full record

ArticleMalaria journal2021

Clinical recovery of Macaca fascicularis infected with Plasmodium knowlesi.

Mariko S Peterson, Chester J Joyner, Jessica A Brady, Jennifer S Wood, Monica Cabrera-Mora, Celia L Saney, Luis L Fonseca, Wayne T Cheng, Jianlin Jiang, Stacey A Lapp and 16 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Malaria journal, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
2.9field-weighted citation impact, top 9% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Cage-Side Blood Collections from the Ear Can Be Used for Hematological Evaluations in Japanese Macaques (Macaca fuscata).Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS · 2026
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  9. Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

26 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.

Mariko S Peterson *Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Chester J Joyner *Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1367-2829
Jessica A BradySchool of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
Jennifer S WoodDivision of Animal Resources, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Monica Cabrera-MoraYerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Celia L SaneyYerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Luis L FonsecaThe Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Wayne T ChengCenter for Vaccines and Immunology, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
Jianlin JiangYerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Stacey A LappYerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Stephanie R SoderbergYerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Mustafa V NuralInstitute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
Jay C HumphreyInstitute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
Allison HankusYerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Deepa MachiahDivision of Pathology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Ebru KarpuzogluYerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Jeremy D DeBarryInstitute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
MaHPIC-Consortium
Rabindra TirouvanziamDepartment of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Jessica C KissingerInstitute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
Alberto MorenoYerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Sanjeev GumberDivision of Pathology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Eberhard O VoitThe Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Juan B GutiérrezDepartment of Mathematics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
Regina Joice CordyYerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Mary R GalinskiYerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. Mary.Galinski@emory.edu.
Emory University · USUniversity of Georgia · USGeorgia Institute of Technology · USEmory Healthcare · USEmory National Primate Research Center

Funding

Yerkes National Primate Research Center Role of type-I IFN in regulating COVID-19 induced inflammation and pathogenesisP51OD011132 · OD · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI Joon Sup Lee · 2012 to 2026
$167.0M
MEDICAL SCIENTIST TRAINING PROGRAMT32GM008169 · NIGMS · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI GROSS, ROBERT E · 1987 to 2021
$20.3M
CLC NIH HHS C0000008defense advanced research projects agency W911NF16C0008NIAID NIH HHS HHSN272201200031CNIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM008169NIH HHS P51 OD011132nih office of research infrastructure programs P51OD011132
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundKra monkeys (Macaca fascicularis), a natural host of Plasmodium knowlesi, control parasitaemia caused by this parasite species and escape death without treatment. Knowledge of the disease progression and resilience in kra monkeys will aid the effective use of this species to study mechanisms of resilience to malaria. This longitudinal study aimed to define clinical, physiological and pathological changes in kra monkeys infected with P. knowlesi, which could explain their resilient phenotype.

methodsKra monkeys (n = 15, male, young adults) were infected intravenously with cryopreserved P. knowlesi sporozoites and the resulting parasitaemias were monitored daily. Complete blood counts, reticulocyte counts, blood chemistry and physiological telemetry data (n = 7) were acquired as described prior to infection to establish baseline values and then daily after inoculation for up to 50 days. Bone marrow aspirates, plasma samples, and 22 tissue samples were collected at specific time points to evaluate longitudinal clinical, physiological and pathological effects of P. knowlesi infections during acute and chronic infections.

resultsAs expected, the kra monkeys controlled acute infections and remained with low-level, persistent parasitaemias without anti-malarial intervention. Unexpectedly, early in the infection, fevers developed, which ultimately returned to baseline, as well as mild to moderate thrombocytopenia, and moderate to severe anaemia. Mathematical modelling and the reticulocyte production index indicated that the anaemia was largely due to the removal of uninfected erythrocytes and not impaired production of erythrocytes. Mild tissue damage was observed, and tissue parasite load was associated with tissue damage even though parasite accumulation in the tissues was generally low.

conclusionsKra monkeys experimentally infected with P. knowlesi sporozoites presented with multiple clinical signs of malaria that varied in severity among individuals. Overall, the animals shared common mechanisms of resilience characterized by controlling parasitaemia 3-5 days after patency, and controlling fever, coupled with physiological and bone marrow responses to compensate for anaemia. Together, these responses likely minimized tissue damage while supporting the establishment of chronic infections, which may be important for transmission in natural endemic settings. These results provide new foundational insights into malaria pathogenesis and resilience in kra monkeys, which may improve understanding of human infections.

Indexed as

Disease ResistanceMacaca fascicularisAnimalsLongitudinal StudiesMalariaMaleMonkey DiseasesParasitemiaPlasmodium knowlesiAnaemiaBone marrowCynomolgus monkeysFeverHistopathologyInfectious diseases resilienceMalariaNonhuman primate modelsTelemetryThrombocytopenia

Identifiers

PMID34969401
PMCPMC8719393
OpenAlexW4226021657

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.