Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34979961›Full record

GuidelineBMC nephrology2022

Management of hypertension and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockade in adults with diabetic kidney disease: Association of British Clinical Diabetologists and the Renal Association UK guideline update 2021.

D Banerjee, P Winocour, T A Chowdhury, P De, M Wahba, R Montero, D Fogarty, A H Frankel, J Karalliedde, P B Mark and 7 more

Open access · goldAbstract readPractice Guideline
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Guideline in BMC nephrology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
44citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
12.5field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

44 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 78 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Guideline
  2. Guideline
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Trial
  6. Trial
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. The Japanese Society of Hypertension Guidelines for the management of elevated blood pressure and hypertension 2025 (JSH2025).Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2026
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors at 14 institutions in 1 country.

D BanerjeeSt George's Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
P WinocourENHIDE, East and North Herts NHS Trust, Stevenage, UK.
T A ChowdhuryRoyal London Hospital, London, UK.
P DeCity Hospital, Birmingham, UK.
M WahbaSt Helier Hospital, Carshalton, UK.
R MonteroKing's College, London, UK.
D FogartyBelfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK.
A H FrankelImperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.
J KarallieddeGuy's and St Thomas' Hospital London, London, UK.
P B MarkUniversity of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
D C PatelRoyal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
A PokrajacWest Hertfordshire Hospitals, London, UK.
A SharifUniversity Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.
S Zac-VargheseENHIDE, East and North Herts NHS Trust, Stevenage, UK.
S BainSwansea University, Swansea, UK.
I DasguptaUniversity Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK. Indranil.dasgupta@uhb.nhs.uk.ORCID 0000-0002-7448-2677
Association of British Clinical Diabetologists and The Renal Association
East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust · GBUniversity Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust · GBBelfast Health and Social Care Trust · GBBirmingham City Hospital · GBImperial College Healthcare NHS Trust · GBKing's College London · GBRoyal Free London NHS Foundation Trust · GBRoyal London Hospital · GBSt George's Hospital · GBSt Helier Hospital · GBSt Thomas' Hospital · GBSwansea University · GBUniversity of Glasgow · GBWest Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust · GB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

People with type 1 and type 2 diabetes are at risk of developing progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage kidney failure. Hypertension is a major, reversible risk factor in people with diabetes for development of albuminuria, impaired kidney function, end-stage kidney disease and cardiovascular disease. Blood pressure control has been shown to be beneficial in people with diabetes in slowing progression of kidney disease and reducing cardiovascular events. However, randomised controlled trial evidence differs in type 1 and type 2 diabetes and different stages of CKD in terms of target blood pressure. Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is an important mechanism for the development and progression of CKD and cardiovascular disease. Randomised trials demonstrate that RAAS blockade is effective in preventing/ slowing progression of CKD and reducing cardiovascular events in people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, albeit differently according to the stage of CKD. Emerging therapy with sodium glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors, non-steroidal selective mineralocorticoid antagonists and endothelin-A receptor antagonists have been shown in randomised trials to lower blood pressure and further reduce the risk of progression of CKD and cardiovascular disease in people with type 2 diabetes. This guideline reviews the current evidence and makes recommendations about blood pressure control and the use of RAAS-blocking agents in different stages of CKD in people with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

Indexed as

AdultAlbuminuriaAntihypertensive AgentsBlood Pressure Monitoring, AmbulatoryDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Diabetic AngiopathiesDiabetic NephropathiesHumansHypertensionPatient ComplianceRenin-Angiotensin SystemRisk Reduction BehaviorUnited KingdomAntihypertensive AgentsACE inhibitorsAngiotensin receptor blockersChronic kidney diseaseDiabetesdialysisHypertension

Identifiers

PMID34979961
PMCPMC8722287
OpenAlexW4205699035

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.