ArticleActa neuropathologica communications2022
Developmental deficits and staging of dynamics of age associated Alzheimer's disease neurodegeneration and neuronal loss in subjects with Down syndrome.
Article in Acta neuropathologica communications, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multiomics and proteomic insights into Alzheimer's disease biology in Down syndrome.Expert review of neurotherapeutics · 2026Review
- Six promising drug repurposing candidates for Alzheimer's disease and their sex-specific mechanisms and efficacy.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Necroptosis in Down Syndrome.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- Frequency of mixed neuropathologies in individuals with down syndrome with and without Alzheimer's dementia.Acta neuropathologica · 2026Article
- Maternal Choline Supplementation in a Mouse Model of Down Syndrome and Alzheimer's Disease Generates Unique Expression Profile Mosaics Within Three Hippocampal Excitatory Neuronal Populations.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026Article
- Perineuronal nets in the developing brain: implications for neurodevelopmental disorders.Molecular brain · 2025Review
- Tau pathology differs by sex in Alzheimer's disease in Down syndrome.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Bezafibrate treatment rescues neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative defects in 3D cortical organoid model of MAPT frontotemporal dementia.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Roles of Type 10 17β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase in Health and Disease.Journal of personalized medicine · 2025Review
- Cargo of small extracellular vesicles from neuronal origin shows progression of dementia in individuals with Down syndrome.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 infection of human cortical cells is influenced by the interaction between aneuploidy and biological sex: insights from a Down syndrome in vitro model.Acta neuropathologica · 2025Article
- Correlating hippocampal and amygdala volumes with neuropathological burden in Down syndrome and Alzheimer's disease and related neurodegenerative pathologies using 7T postmortem MRI.Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology · 2025Article
- Clinical and neuropathological analysis of Down syndrome over 7 decades of life.Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology · 2025Article
- Assessing the Relationship of Brain Metabolites to Cortical Thickness and Dementia Symptoms in Adults with Down Syndrome: A Pilot Study.Brain sciences · 2024Article
- Cryo-EM structures of amyloid-β and tau filaments in Down syndrome.Nature structural & molecular biology · 2024Article
- Down Syndrome Biobank Consortium: A perspective.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Article
- Oxidative damage in neurodegeneration: roles in the pathogenesis and progression of Alzheimer disease.Physiological reviews · 2024Review
- Investigating brain alterations in the Dp1Tyb mouse model of Down syndrome.Neurobiology of disease · 2023Article
- Basal forebrain cholinergic neurons are vulnerable in a mouse model of Down syndrome and their molecular fingerprint is rescued by maternal choline supplementation.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2023Article
- Reduced synaptic proteins and SNARE complexes in Down syndrome with Alzheimer's disease and the Dp16 mouse Down syndrome model: Impact of APP gene dose.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The increased life expectancy of individuals with Down syndrome (DS) is associated with increased prevalence of trisomy 21-linked early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) and dementia. The aims of this study of 14 brain regions including the entorhinal cortex, hippocampus, basal ganglia, and cerebellum in 33 adults with DS 26-72 years of age were to identify the magnitude of brain region-specific developmental neuronal deficits contributing to intellectual deficits, to apply this baseline to identification of the topography and magnitude of neurodegeneration and neuronal and volume losses caused by EOAD, and to establish age-based staging of the pattern of genetically driven neuropathology in DS. Both DS subject age and stage of dementia, themselves very strongly correlated, were strong predictors of an AD-associated decrease of the number of neurons, considered a major contributor to dementia. The DS cohort was subclassified by age as pre-AD stage, with 26-41-year-old subjects with a full spectrum of developmental deficit but with very limited incipient AD pathology, and 43-49, 51-59, and 61-72-year-old groups with predominant prevalence of mild, moderately severe, and severe dementia respectively. This multiregional study revealed a 28.1% developmental neuronal deficit in DS subjects 26-41 years of age and 11.9% AD-associated neuronal loss in DS subjects 43-49 years of age; a 28.0% maximum neuronal loss at 51-59 years of age; and a 11.0% minimum neuronal loss at 61-72 years of age. A total developmental neuronal deficit of 40.8 million neurons and AD-associated neuronal loss of 41.6 million neurons reflect a comparable magnitude of developmental neuronal deficit contributing to intellectual deficits, and AD-associated neuronal loss contributing to dementia. This highly predictable pattern of pathology indicates that successful treatment of DS subjects in the fourth decade of life may prevent AD pathology and functional decline.
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