ReviewFrontiers in endocrinology2021
Mitochondria in Sex Hormone-Induced Disorder of Energy Metabolism in Males and Females.
Review in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex differences in cardiovascular‑kidney‑metabolic syndrome: From pathogenesis to treatment response (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Reproductive Dysfunction in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2026Review
- Mitochondrial Function Under Combined Oral Contraceptive Exposure in a Neuroblastoma Model: A Preliminary Investigation.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Androgen receptor localisation and protein interactions provide insight into steroid mediated metabolic shifts in endocrine resistant breast cancer.NPJ breast cancer · 2026Article
- Mitochondrial dysfunction in perimenopausal mood disorders: From hormonal shifts to neuroenergetic failure (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2025Review
- Narrative review of mitochondrial dysfunction in aging-related salt-sensitive hypertension: outcomes, mechanisms, and therapeutic implications.Aging advances · 2025Article
- Sex-specific programming of the gastric and duodenal mitochondrial biogenesis by early-life stress.Genes & genomics · 2025Article
- Mitochondria, Sex, and Cardiovascular Disease: A Complex Interplay.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Connecting the Dots: Mitochondrial Dysfunction, PCOS, and Insulin Resistance-Insights and Therapeutic Advances.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Nandrolone Abuse Prior to Head Trauma Mitigates Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Mitochondrial Bioenergetic Deficits, and Markers of Neurodegeneration.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Association between endogenous estradiol, testosterone, and long-term mortality in adults with prediabetes and diabetes: Evidence from NHANES database.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2025Article
- A Comprehensive Review of the Contribution of Mitochondrial DNA Mutations and Dysfunction in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Supported by Secondary Database Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Preventive Effects of Resistance Training on Hemodynamics and Kidney Mitochondrial Bioenergetic Function in Ovariectomized Rats.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Sex-Related Differences in the Pathophysiology, Cardiac Imaging, and Clinical Outcomes of Aortic Stenosis: A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Niacin supplementation attenuates the regression of three-dimensional capillary architecture in unloaded female rat skeletal muscle.Physiological reports · 2024Article
- Associations of sex hormone ratios with metabolic syndrome and inflammation in US adult men and women.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Multi-omics approach to reveal follicular metabolic changes and their effects on oocyte competence in PCOS patients.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Sex dimorphism and metabolic profiles in management of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease.World journal of clinical cases · 2023Review
- Editorial: The link between obesity, type 2 diabetes, and mitochondria.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Advances in mitochondria-centered mechanism behind the roles of androgens and androgen receptor in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Androgens have a complex role in the regulation of insulin sensitivity in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. In male subjects, a reduction in androgens increases the risk for insulin resistance, which is improved by androgen injections. However, in female subjects with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), androgen excess becomes a risk factor for insulin resistance. The exact mechanism underlying the complex activities of androgens remains unknown. In this review, a hormone synergy-based view is proposed for understanding this complexity. Mitochondrial overactivation by substrate influx is a mechanism of insulin resistance in obesity. This concept may apply to the androgen-induced insulin resistance in PCOS. Androgens and estrogens both exhibit activities in the induction of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. The two hormones may synergize in mitochondria to induce overproduction of ATP. ATP surplus in the pancreatic β-cells and α-cells causes excess secretion of insulin and glucagon, respectively, leading to peripheral insulin resistance in the early phase of type 2 diabetes. In the skeletal muscle and liver, the ATP surplus contributes to insulin resistance through suppression of AMPK and activation of mTOR. Consistent ATP surplus leads to mitochondrial dysfunction as a consequence of mitophagy inhibition, which provides a potential mechanism for mitochondrial dysfunction in β-cells and brown adipocytes in PCOS. The hormone synergy-based view provides a basis for the overactivation and dysfunction of mitochondria in PCOS-associated type 2 diabetes. The molecular mechanism for the synergy is discussed in this review with a focus on transcriptional regulation. This view suggests a unifying mechanism for the distinct metabolic roles of androgens in the control of insulin action in men with hypogonadism and women with PCOS.
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Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.