Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34991697›Full record

ReviewBMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation2022

The effect of exercise on cytokines: implications for musculoskeletal health: a narrative review.

Sophie Docherty, Rachael Harley, Joseph J McAuley, Lindsay A N Crowe, Carles Pedret, Paul D Kirwan, Stefan Siebert, Neal L Millar

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 173 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
173citing papers in PubMed, 9 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

173 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  17. Exercise intensity and training alter the innate immune cell type and chromosomal origins of circulating cell-free DNA in humans.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
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113 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Sophie Docherty *Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 120 University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8TA, Scotland, UK.
Rachael Harley *Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 120 University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8TA, Scotland, UK.
Joseph J McAuleyInstitute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 120 University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8TA, Scotland, UK.
Lindsay A N CroweInstitute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 120 University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8TA, Scotland, UK.
Carles PedretSports Medicine and Imaging Department, Clinica Diagonal, C/Sant Mateu 24-26, 08950, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain.
Paul D KirwanSchool of Physiotherapy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.
Stefan SiebertInstitute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 120 University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8TA, Scotland, UK.
Neal L MillarInstitute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 120 University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8TA, Scotland, UK. neal.millar@glasgow.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9251-9907

Funding

Medical Research Council MR/R020515/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The physiological effects of physical exercise are ubiquitously reported as beneficial to the cardiovascular and musculoskeletal systems. Exercise is widely promoted by medical professionals to aid both physical and emotional wellbeing; however, mechanisms through which this is achieved are less well understood. Despite numerous beneficial attributes, certain types of exercise can inflict significant significant physiological stress. Several studies document a key relationship between exercise and immune activation. Activation of the innate immune system occurs in response to exercise and it is proposed this is largely mediated by cytokine signalling. Cytokines are typically classified according to their inflammatory properties and evidence has shown that cytokines expressed in response to exercise are diverse and may act to propagate, modulate or mitigate inflammation in musculoskeletal health. The review summarizes the existing literature on the relationship between exercise and the immune system with emphasis on how exercise-induced cytokine expression modulates inflammation and the immune response.

Indexed as

CytokinesExerciseInflammationOsteoarthritisTendinopathy

Identifiers

PMID34991697
PMCPMC8740100

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.