SynthesisSpinal cord2022
Systematic review of the changes in the microbiome following spinal cord injury: animal and human evidence.
Synthesis in Spinal cord, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of short-chain fatty acids in spinal cord injury: A systematic review of human and animal evidence.The journal of spinal cord medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Immune Status of Individuals with Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Effects of Uro-Vaxom vs. placebo on the urinary tract microbiome in individuals with spinal cord injury in a randomized controlled pilot trial (Uro-Vaxom pilot).Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Gut microbiome and inflammation among athletes in wheelchair in a crossover randomized pilot trial of probiotic and prebiotic interventions.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- Fermented protein foods as modulators of the gut-muscle axis: mechanisms, evidence, and future directions.Communications biology · 2026Review
- Disruption of the spinal cord-gut axis alters microbial dynamics and carbohydrate cross-feeding in the gut.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Precision Rehabilitation in Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review of Omics Applications for Intervention Monitoring in Spinal Cord Injury.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translation · 2026Review
- Spinal cord injury induces acute microbiome shock and system-wide transcriptomic reprogramming.iMeta · 2026Article
- The Correct Nutritional Intake in the Prevention and Treatment of Skin Lesions in Patients With Spinal Cord Injury.Journal of clinical medicine research · 2026Review
- T-cell biomarkers improve urinary tract infection risk stratification beyond clinical characteristics after acute traumatic spinal cord injury.Scientific reports · 2026Observational
- Acute high-intensity exercise alters gut microbiota composition and energy metabolism in different strains of mice.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Bidirectional communication between spinal cord injury and gut microbiota, from the bench to the bedside.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Gut-brain axis mechanisms of remote brain dysfunction after traumatic spinal cord injury: immune inflammation, the vagus nerve, and neuroendocrine pathways.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2026Review
- Characteristics of the gut microbiome of Swiss elite athletes with a spinal cord injury: An exploratory study.The journal of spinal cord medicine · 2025Article
- Multifaceted Pathophysiology and Secondary Complications of Chronic Spinal Cord Injury: Focus on Pressure Injury.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Gut-Spinal Cord Axis in Spinal Cord Injury: Bidirectional Inflammatory Mechanisms and Microbiota-Targeted Therapeutic Strategies.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Review
- Trauma-toxicology: concepts, causes, complications.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2024Review
- The Role of the Gut Microbiome in Orthopedic Surgery-a Narrative Review.Current reviews in musculoskeletal medicine · 2024Review
- Spinal cord injury: pathophysiology, possible treatments and the role of the gut microbiota.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Review
- Effects of Recombinant IL-13 Treatment on Gut Microbiota Composition and Functional Recovery after Hemisection Spinal Cord Injury in Mice.Nutrients · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
STUDY
designSystematic review.
objectivesTo investigate the changes in the microbiome among human and animal populations with spinal cord injury (SCI).
methodsFour databases (EMBASE, Medline (Ovid), Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Trials (CENTRAL)) and Google Scholar were searched. No language restrictions were applied. Data extraction was done in parallel and independently by two reviewers. The search was last conducted on 07 April 2021.
resultsThere were 6869 studies retrieved, 43 full-text studies reviewed, and 19 studies included. There were seven animal gut studies, six human gut studies, and six urinary tract studies identified. There were no publications found on other body sites. Among the included studies, we observed a consistent and significant difference in gut microbiome composition between populations with SCI and able-bodied populations. This is characterized by a decrease in beneficial butyrate-producing bacteria (Faecalbacterium, Megamonas, Roseburia) and an increase in inflammation-associated bacteria (Alistipes, Anaerotruncus, and Lachnoclostridium). On the other hand, the urine of individuals with SCI was polymicrobial and members of Enterobacteriaceae (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae) were frequently observed. Probiotics were shown to induce a significant but transient shift in the urinary tract microbiome. The studies had low to moderate risks of bias.
conclusionsThere are limited studies on the changes in microbiome among SCI populations. The gut microbiome was characterized by bacterial profiles associated with chronic inflammation and metabolic disorder while the studies of the urinary tract microbiome show the dominance of bacterial genera associated with urinary tract infection.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.