Evidence mapPaperPMID 34993499Full record

ReviewMed (New York, N.Y.)2021

100 Years of Insulin: Lifesaver, immune target, and potential remedy for prevention.

Anette-Gabriele Ziegler, Thomas Danne, Carolin Daniel, Ezio Bonifacio

Open access · greenAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Med (New York, N.Y.), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
1.0field-weighted citation impact, top 21% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Anette-Gabriele ZieglerInstitute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany.
Thomas DanneDiabetes Centre for Children and Adolescents, Kinder- und Jugendkrankenhaus AUF DER BULT, 30173 Hannover, Germany.
Carolin DanielInstitute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany.
Ezio BonifacioTechnische Universität Dresden, Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
German Center for Diabetes Research · DEKinderkrankenhaus auf der Bult · DEKlinikum rechts der Isar · DEPaul Langerhans Institute Dresden · DE

Funding

Type 1 Diabetes triggers: diet modification in neonatesU01DK063836 · DIABETES RESEARCH INSTITUTE · 2003 to 2005
$2.4M
NIDDK NIH HHS U01 DK063836
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In this review, we bring our personal experiences to showcase insulin from its breakthrough discovery as a life-saving drug 100 years ago to its uncovering as the autoantigen and potential cause of type 1 diabetes and eventually as an opportunity to prevent autoimmune diabetes. The work covers the birth of insulin to treat patients, which is now 100 years ago, the development of human insulin, insulin analogues, devices, and the way into automated insulin delivery, the realization that insulin is the primary autoimmune target of type 1 diabetes in children, novel approaches of immunotherapy using insulin for immune tolerance induction, the possible limitations of insulin immunotherapy, and an outlook how modern vaccines could remove the need for another 100 years of insulin therapy.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1InsulinAutoantigensAutoimmunityChildHumansImmune ToleranceInsulin, Regular, HumanAutoantigensInsulinInsulin, Regular, HumanAutoimmunityAutomated Insulin DeliveryInsulinInsulin AutoantibodyInsulin deviceInsulin ImmunotherapyInsulin pumpToleranceTregType 1 Diabetes

Identifiers

PMID34993499
PMCPMC8730368
OpenAlexW3199319304

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.