Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34993705›Full record

ArticleNeurochemical research2022

Protective Effect of Mild Hypothermia on Spinal Cord Ischemia-Induced Delayed Paralysis and Spinal Cord Injury.

Dan Fu, Cai Chen, Liang He, Jingjuan Li, Aiguo Li

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Neurochemical research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
0.7field-weighted citation impact, top 33% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. [Effects of mild hypothermia on neurological function in rats with spinal cord injury based on adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase/Nod-like receptor protein 3 pathway].Zhongguo xiu fu chong jian wai ke za zhi = Zhongguo xiufu chongjian waike zazhi = Chinese journal of reparative and reconstructive surgery · 2025
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Dan FuDepartment of Pediatrics, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510900, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
Cai ChenDepartment of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541000, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
Liang HeDepartment of Anesthesiology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, No.566, Congcheng Avenue, Conghua District, Guangzhou, 510900, Guangdong, People's Republic of China. jimyliangdandan@hotmail.com.
Jingjuan LiDepartment of Anesthesia, Graduate College, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541000, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
Aiguo LiDepartment of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541000, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
Guilin Medical University · CNSouthern Medical University · CNThird Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University · CN

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China 81860239Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province 2018GXNSFBA050062Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province AD19110125
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

To explore the mechanism regarding the regulation of spinal cord ischemia (SCI) in rats by mild hypothermia. A SCI rat model was established through aorta occlusion, and in some cases, the rats were intervened with mild hypothermia, after which motor function, microglia activation, and M1/M2 polarization in rats were measured. Also, the expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) and neuronal apoptosis were examined. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced M1 microglia and IL-4-induced M2 microglia were intrathecally injected into rats to evaluate the effect of microglial polarization on SCI. In in vitro experiments, primary microglial cells were treated under hypothermic condition, in which M1/M2 polarization and microglia apoptosis, the levels of iNOS, CD86, CD206, Arg-1 and inflammatory cytokines were assessed. Western blot analysis detected the activation of the TLR4/NF-κB pathway to investigate the role of this pathway in M1/M2 polarization. SCI treatment impaired motor function, induced higher M1 microglia proportion, and increased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in rats, and mild hypothermic treatment attenuated these trends. Moreover, injection of M1 microglia increased M1 microglia proportion and increased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, while injection of M2 microglia induced the reverse results, i.e. decreased M1 microglia proportion and reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. In LPS-induced microglial cells, mild hypothermia treatment increased M2 microglia proportion and decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, relative to normothermia. Mild hypothermia inactivated the TLR4/NF-κB pathway in LPS-treated microglia. TLR4 overexpression reversed the function of mild hypothermia in LPS-stimulated microglia, and under normal condition, TLR4/NF-κB pathway suppressed microglial M2 polarization. Mild hypothermia inhibits TLR4/NF-κB pathway and promotes microglial M2 polarization, thus attenuating SCI-induced injury and inflammation.

Indexed as

HypothermiaSpinal Cord InjuriesSpinal Cord IschemiaAnimalsMicrogliaParalysisRatsBasso, Beattie, and Bresnahan rating scaleDelayed paralysisMicroglia polarizationMild hypothermiaSpinal cord injurySpinal cord ischemia

Identifiers

PMID34993705
OpenAlexW4205096464

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.