Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34995986›Full record

ArticleAtherosclerosis2022

Lipoprotein(a), venous thromboembolism and COVID-19: A pilot study.

Nick S Nurmohamed, Didier Collard, Laurens F Reeskamp, Yannick Kaiser, Jeffrey Kroon, Tycho R Tromp, Amsterdam UMC Covid-19 Biobank, Bert-Jan H van den Born, Michiel Coppens, Alexander P J Vlaar and 6 more

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Atherosclerosis, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
2.3field-weighted citation impact, top 9% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  9. Clot or Not? Reviewing the Reciprocal Regulation Between Lipids and Blood Clotting.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2024
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Nick S NurmohamedDepartment of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Didier CollardDepartment of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Laurens F ReeskampDepartment of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Yannick KaiserDepartment of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Jeffrey KroonDepartment of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Tycho R TrompDepartment of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Amsterdam UMC Covid-19 Biobank
Bert-Jan H van den BornDepartment of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Michiel CoppensDepartment of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Alexander P J VlaarDepartment of Intensive Care, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Martijn BeudelDepartment of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Diederik van de BeekDepartment of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Nick van EsDepartment of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Patrick M MoriartyDivision of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
Sotirios TsimikasDivision of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Erik S G StroesDepartment of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Electronic address: e.s.stroes@amsterdamumc.nl.
Amsterdam University Medical Centers · NLAmsterdam Neuroscience · NLUniversity of California San Diego · USUniversity of Kansas Medical Center · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND

aimsThrombosis is a major driver of adverse outcome and mortality in patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Hypercoagulability may be related to the cytokine storm associated with COVID-19, which is mainly driven by interleukin (IL)-6. Plasma lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] levels increase following IL-6 upregulation and Lp(a) has anti-fibrinolytic properties. This study investigated whether Lp(a) elevation may contribute to the pro-thrombotic state hallmarking COVID-19 patients.

methodsLp(a), IL-6 and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were measured in 219 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and analyzed with linear mixed effects model. The baseline biomarkers and increases during admission were related to venous thromboembolism (VTE) incidence and clinical outcomes in a Kaplan-Meier and logistic regression analysis.

resultsLp(a) levels increased significantly by a mean of 16.9 mg/dl in patients with COVID-19 during the first 21 days after admission. Serial Lp(a) measurements were available in 146 patients. In the top tertile of Lp(a) increase, 56.2% of COVID-19 patients experienced a VTE event compared to 18.4% in the lowest tertile (RR 3.06, 95% CI 1.61-5.81; p < 0.001). This association remained significant after adjusting for age, sex, IL-6 and CRP increase and number of measurements. Increases in IL-6 and CRP were not associated with VTE. Increase in Lp(a) was strongly correlated with increase in IL-6 (r = 0.44, 95% CI 0.30-0.56, p < 0.001).

conclusionsIncreases in Lp(a) levels during the acute phase of COVID-19 were strongly associated with VTE incidence. The acute increase in anti-fibrinolytic Lp(a) may tilt the balance to VTE in patients hospitalized for COVID-19.

Indexed as

COVID-19Venous ThromboembolismHumansLipoprotein(a)Pilot ProjectsRisk FactorsSARS-CoV-2Lipoprotein(a)COVID-19IL-6Lipoprotein(a)VTE

Identifiers

PMID34995986
PMCPMC8690577
OpenAlexW4200466856

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.