ReviewCancers2021
Lifestyle and Hepatocellular Carcinoma What Is the Evidence and Prevention Recommendations.
Review in Cancers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma: an umbrella review of systematic review and meta-analysis.Annals of medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of Exercise Training on Muscle Mass and Physical Function in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Diagnosis: A Systematic Review.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2024Pooled it
- Article
- G20 Country Burden of High BMI-Related Liver Cancer: Trends from 1990 to 2021 and Projections to 2050.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2026Article
- Primary Liver Cancer Trends Worldwide and in China: Analysis of GLOBOCAN 2022 Data and Disease Management Implications.Portal hypertension & cirrhosis · 2026Review
- Prioritising viral hepatitis elimination to prevent hepatocellular carcinoma: A public health approach for effective preventive hepatology.JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology · 2025Review
- Lifestyle factors in hepatocellular carcinoma: From pathogenesis to prognosis.World journal of clinical oncology · 2025Review
- Unhealthy Behaviours and All-Cause Mortality Among People With Chronic Hepatitis B, With and Without Hepatitis Delta (ANRS CO22 HEPATHER).Journal of viral hepatitis · 2025Article
- Article
- Sleep and liver function biomarkers in relation to risk of incident liver cancer: a nationwide prospective cohort study.BMC medicine · 2024Article
- Long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter and risk of liver cancer in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study.Environment international · 2024Article
- The cell death-related genes machine learning model for precise therapy and clinical drug selection in hepatocellular carcinoma.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2024Article
- Dualistic Effects of PRKAR1A as a Potential Anticancer Target in Cancer Cells and Cancer-Derived Stem Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Identifying Proteins and Amino Acids Associated with Liver Cancer Risk: A Study Utilizing Mendelian Randomization and Bulk RNA Sequencing Analysis.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Article
- Practical Lifestyle Management of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease for Busy Clinicians.Diabetes spectrum : a publication of the American Diabetes Association · 2024Article
- Lifestyle factors modified the mediation role of liver fibrosis in the association between occupational physical activity and blood pressure.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Screening and interventions to prevent nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-associated hepatocellular carcinoma.World journal of gastroenterology · 2023Review
- Contribution of PNPLA3 gene polymorphisms to hepatocellular carcinoma susceptibility in the Chinese Han population.BMC medical genomics · 2022Article
- Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The increasing burden of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) emphasizes the unmet need for primary prevention. Lifestyle measures appear to be important modifiable risk factors for HCC regardless of its etiology. Lifestyle patterns, as a whole and each component separately, are related to HCC risk. Dietary composition is important beyond obesity. Consumption of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, as well as fish and poultry, are inversely associated with HCC, while red meat, saturated fat, and cholesterol are related to increased risk. Sugar consumption is associated with HCC risk, while fiber and vegetable intake is protective. Data from multiple studies clearly show a beneficial effect for physical activity in reducing the risk of HCC. However, the duration, mode and intensity of physical activity needed are yet to be determined. There is evidence that smoking can lead to liver fibrosis and liver cancer and has a synergistic effect with alcohol drinking. On the other hand, an excessive amount of alcohol by itself has been associated with increased risk of HCC directly (carcinogenic effect) or indirectly (liver fibrosis and cirrhosis progression. Large-scale intervention studies testing the effect of comprehensive lifestyle interventions on HCC prevention among diverse cohorts of liver disease patients are greatly warranted.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.