Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35009875›Full record

ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2022

Ultrasound Echogenicity as an Indicator of Muscle Fatigue during Functional Electrical Stimulation.

Qiang Zhang, Ashwin Iyer, Krysten Lambeth, Kang Kim, Nitin Sharma

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Qiang ZhangUNC/NCSU Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8806-9672
Ashwin IyerUNC/NCSU Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3824-3310
Krysten LambethUNC/NCSU Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0973-8525
Kang KimThe Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1966-1135
Nitin SharmaUNC/NCSU Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1872-0156

Funding

National Science Foundation Career Award grant number 2002261
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is a potential neurorehabilitative intervention to enable functional movements in persons with neurological conditions that cause mobility impairments. However, the quick onset of muscle fatigue during FES is a significant challenge for sustaining the desired functional movements for more extended periods. Therefore, a considerable interest still exists in the development of sensing techniques that reliably measure FES-induced muscle fatigue. This study proposes to use ultrasound (US) imaging-derived echogenicity signal as an indicator of FES-induced muscle fatigue. We hypothesized that the US-derived echogenicity signal is sensitive to FES-induced muscle fatigue under isometric and dynamic muscle contraction conditions. Eight non-disabled participants participated in the experiments, where FES electrodes were applied on their tibialis anterior (TA) muscles. During a fatigue protocol under either isometric and dynamic ankle dorsiflexion conditions, we synchronously collected the isometric dorsiflexion torque or dynamic dorsiflexion angle on the ankle joint, US echogenicity signals from TA muscle, and the applied stimulation intensity. The experimental results showed an exponential reduction in the US echogenicity relative change (ERC) as the fatigue progressed under the isometric (R2=0.891±0.081) and dynamic (R2=0.858±0.065) conditions. The experimental results also implied a strong linear relationship between US ERC and TA muscle fatigue benchmark (dorsiflexion torque or angle amplitude), with R2 values of 0.840±0.054 and 0.794±0.065 under isometric and dynamic conditions, respectively. The findings in this study indicate that the US echogenicity signal is a computationally efficient signal that strongly represents FES-induced muscle fatigue. Its potential real-time implementation to detect fatigue can facilitate an FES closed-loop controller design that considers the FES-induced muscle fatigue.

Indexed as

Isometric ContractionMuscle FatigueElectric StimulationHumansMuscle ContractionMuscle, SkeletalUltrasonographyankle jointbiomechanical phenomenaelectrical stimulationlinear modelsmuscle fatiguenonlinear dynamicsultrasonography

Identifiers

PMID35009875
PMCPMC8749646

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.