ReviewInternational journal of environmental research and public health2022
The Complicated Relationship between Dieting, Dietary Restraint, Caloric Restriction, and Eating Disorders: Is a Shift in Public Health Messaging Warranted?
Review in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 76 citations in OpenAlex.
- Factors associated with eating behaviors of young and middle-aged adults with overweight and obesity: a systematic review.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- Associations Between the Use of Fitness and Diet Tracking Technology and Disordered Eating Behaviour: A Systematic Review.European eating disorders review : the journal of the Eating Disorders Association · 2025Pooled it
- Medical Nutrition Therapy Interventions Provided by Dietitians for Adult Overweight and Obesity Management: An Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Evidence-Based Practice Guideline.Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · 2023Guideline
- Reduction in eating disorder symptoms among adults in different weight loss interventions.Eating behaviors · 2023Trial
- Body shape perception in men and women without obesity during caloric restriction: a secondary analysis from the CALERIE study.Eating and weight disorders : EWD · 2023Trial
- Mediators of weight change in underserved patients with obesity: exploratory analyses from the Promoting Successful Weight Loss in Primary Care in Louisiana (PROPEL) cluster-randomized trial.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2022Trial
- Mindful Eating, Disordered Eating, and Exercise Addiction: A Bayesian Gaussian Network Analysis.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Daily Body (Dis-)Satisfaction and Dietary Restriction in Women Across the Eating Disorder Spectrum.The International journal of eating disorders · 2026Article
- Examining the effects of two dietary intervention approaches on disordered eating-related thoughts and behaviors in adults with moderate to moderately severe depressive symptoms.Journal of eating disorders · 2026Article
- Online Sexual Harassment, Disordered Eating Attitudes, and Body Shame in Young Women.Violence against women · 2026Article
- Article
- Factors associated with weight loss behaviors among Korean female adolescents: a bio-psycho-social model approach.Child health nursing research · 2026Article
- Youth with severe obesity do not demonstrate increased eating disorder symptoms following family-based behavioral obesity treatment.Eating and weight disorders : EWD · 2026Article
- Food preference and behavioural choice across the eating disorder and body weight spectrum.Journal of eating disorders · 2026Article
- Associations Between Restrained, Emotional, and External Eating Behaviors and Obesity Among Saudi Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Changes to Weight Bias Internalization and Eating Behaviors in Adults Aged 50+ With Overweight or Obesity During a Structured 12-Week Behavioral Weight Management Intervention.Obesity science & practice · 2026Article
- Exploring self-compassion among men seeking weight loss: a thematic analysis.International journal of qualitative studies on health and well-being · 2025Article
- Identifying Distinct Profiles of Nutrition Knowledge and Dietary Practices, and Their Determinants Among Adult Women: A Cross-Sectional Study.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Prevalence and predictors of disordered eating behaviors: a cross-sectional study across 15 campuses in the Saudi electronic university.Journal of eating disorders · 2025Article
- Association of dieting self-efficacy, weight management nutrition knowledge, physical activity, and dietary pattern among Turkish adults: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The origins of theories specifying dietary restraint as a cause of eating disorders can be traced to the 1970s. This paper will present an overview of the origins of dietary restraint theories and a brief historical review of evidence will be summarized. Recent research will be presented, including the results from the CALERIE Phase 1 study, as well as CALERIE Phase 2, which were NIH-sponsored randomized controlled trials. CALERIE 2 provided a test of the effect of two years of caloric restriction (CR) on the development of eating disorder syndromes and symptoms in comparison to a control group that did not alter eating behavior or body weight. The intervention was effective for inducing a chronic (two-year) reduction in total energy expenditure and increased dietary restraint but did not increase symptoms of eating disorders. The results of this recent investigation and other studies have not provided experimental support for conventional dietary restraint theories of eating disorders. These findings are discussed in terms of potential revisions of dietary restraint theory, as well as the implications for a paradigm shift in public health messaging related to dieting.
Indexed as
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.