ReviewJournal of clinical medicine2021
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure: Mechanisms and Pathophysiology.
Review in Journal of clinical medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05960227 (Effect of Intravenous Iron Repletion on Renal Function in Patients With Iron Deficiency and Acute Kidney Injury, Clinical Trial), which is not on this map. Cited by 68 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effect of Intravenous Iron Repletion on Renal Function in Patients With Iron Deficiency and Acute Kidney Injury, Clinical Trial
Who cites it
68 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 140 citations in OpenAlex.
- Intravenous ferric carboxymaltose in patients with heart failure and iron deficiency: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials with trial sequential analysis.ESC heart failure · 2026Pooled it
- Ferric Carboxymaltose Among Patients with Heart Failure and Iron Deficiency: An Updated Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Cardiovascular toxicology · 2026Pooled it
- Intravenous iron infusion in patients with heart failure: a systematic review and study-level meta-analysis.ESC heart failure · 2023Pooled it
- Effect of Intravenous Iron Dextran on Kidney Outcomes in Acute Kidney Injury with Iron Deficiency: A Randomized Trial.Kidney360 · 2026Trial
- Age-stratified effects of intravenous ferric derisomaltose in heart failure with iron deficiency: insights from the IRONMAN trial.Heart (British Cardiac Society) · 2025Trial
- Anaemia predicts iron homoeostasis dysregulation and modulates the response to empagliflozin in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: the EMPATROPISM-FE trial.European heart journal · 2025Trial
- Empagliflozin effects on iron metabolism as a possible mechanism for improved clinical outcomes in non-diabetic patients with systolic heart failure.Nature cardiovascular research · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure and Effect of Dapagliflozin: Findings From DAPA-HF.Circulation · 2022Trial
- An integrated overview of acute heart failure: a narrative review of pathophysiological mechanisms and contributing factors.The Egyptian heart journal : (EHJ) : official bulletin of the Egyptian Society of Cardiology · 2026Review
- Comparison of iron deficiency markers in patients with advanced heart failure.Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society · 2026Article
- The Liver as a Biomarker Organ in Heart Failure: Molecular Mechanisms, Hepatic Scores and Systemic Risk Stratification.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Review
- Exercise performance in patients with heart failure and impaired iron transport: a single-centre retrospective study.BMJ open · 2026Observational
- Article
- The Iron Paradox in Acute Kidney Injury.Kidney360 · 2026Article
- A systematic review investigating the safety and efficacy of intravenous iron in people with ND-CKD who are iron deficient but not anaemic.Clinical kidney journal · 2026Article
- Multidisciplinary approach to implementing ferric carboxymaltose for IV iron replacement in heart failure with iron deficiency.Future cardiology · 2026Review
- Iron Deficiency Screening and Treatment in Hospitalized HFrEF Patients: A Quality Improvement Initiative.JACC. Case reports · 2026Article
- Association between nutritional deficiency anemia and clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure: a multi-institutional population-based Study.BMC nutrition · 2026Article
8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Iron is an essential micronutrient for a myriad of physiological processes in the body beyond erythropoiesis. Iron deficiency (ID) is a common comorbidity in patients with heart failure (HF), with a prevalence reaching up to 59% even in non-anaemic patients. ID impairs exercise capacity, reduces the quality of life, increases hospitalisation rate and mortality risk regardless of anaemia. Intravenously correcting ID has emerged as a promising treatment in HF as it has been shown to alleviate symptoms, improve quality of life and exercise capacity and reduce hospitalisations. However, the pathophysiology of ID in HF remains poorly characterised. Recognition of ID in HF triggered more research with the aim to explain how correcting ID improves HF status as well as the underlying causes of ID in the first place. In the past few years, significant progress has been made in understanding iron homeostasis by characterising the role of the iron-regulating hormone hepcidin, the effects of ID on skeletal and cardiac myocytes, kidneys and the immune system. In this review, we summarise the current knowledge and recent advances in the pathophysiology of ID in heart failure, the deleterious systemic and cellular consequences of ID.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.