ArticlePLoS genetics2022
Regulation of gliotoxin biosynthesis and protection in Aspergillus species.
Article in PLoS genetics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- HosA-mediated epigenetic regulation of growth, virulence, and secondary metabolism inVirulence · 2026Article
- A Review of the Therapeutic Challenges and Novel Treatment Options in Mitigating Invasive Mycosis Associated withJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Temperature duringbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- A network-based model of Aspergillus fumigatus elucidates regulators of development and defensive natural products of an opportunistic pathogen.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Article
- Article
- Gliotoxin Production and Self-Defense in Filamentous Fungi.Annual review of microbiology · 2025Review
- Aspergillus fumigatus biology, immunopathogenicity and drug resistance.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2025Review
- Regulation and induction of fungal secondary metabolites: a comprehensive review.Archives of microbiology · 2025Review
- Article
- Rethinking Aspergillosis in the Era of Microbiota and Mycobiota.Mycopathologia · 2024Review
- The evolution of the gliotoxin biosynthetic gene cluster in Penicillium fungi.G3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2024Article
- The Identification of a Target Gene of the Transcription Factor KojR and Elucidation of Its Role in Carbon Metabolism for Kojic Acid Biosynthesis inJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Aspergillus fumigatus mitogen-activated protein kinase MpkA is involved in gliotoxin production and self-protection.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Article
- Gliotoxin and related metabolites as zinc chelators: implications and exploitation to overcome antimicrobial resistance.Essays in biochemistry · 2023Article
- The Transcriptome Response to Azole Compounds inJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Regulation of pseurotin A biosynthesis by GliZ and zinc in Aspergillus fumigatus.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Epipolythiodioxopiperazine-Based Natural Products: Building Blocks, Biosynthesis and Biological Activities.Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology · 2022Review
- Oxidative stress response pathways in fungi.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors at 7 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus causes a range of human and animal diseases collectively known as aspergillosis. A. fumigatus possesses and expresses a range of genetic determinants of virulence, which facilitate colonisation and disease progression, including the secretion of mycotoxins. Gliotoxin (GT) is the best studied A. fumigatus mycotoxin with a wide range of known toxic effects that impair human immune cell function. GT is also highly toxic to A. fumigatus and this fungus has evolved self-protection mechanisms that include (i) the GT efflux pump GliA, (ii) the GT neutralising enzyme GliT, and (iii) the negative regulation of GT biosynthesis by the bis-thiomethyltransferase GtmA. The transcription factor (TF) RglT is the main regulator of GliT and this GT protection mechanism also occurs in the non-GT producing fungus A. nidulans. However, the A. nidulans genome does not encode GtmA and GliA. This work aimed at analysing the transcriptional response to exogenous GT in A. fumigatus and A. nidulans, two distantly related Aspergillus species, and to identify additional components required for GT protection. RNA-sequencing shows a highly different transcriptional response to exogenous GT with the RglT-dependent regulon also significantly differing between A. fumigatus and A. nidulans. However, we were able to observe homologs whose expression pattern was similar in both species (43 RglT-independent and 11 RglT-dependent). Based on this approach, we identified a novel RglT-dependent methyltranferase, MtrA, involved in GT protection. Taking into consideration the occurrence of RglT-independent modulated genes, we screened an A. fumigatus deletion library of 484 transcription factors (TFs) for sensitivity to GT and identified 15 TFs important for GT self-protection. Of these, the TF KojR, which is essential for kojic acid biosynthesis in Aspergillus oryzae, was also essential for virulence and GT biosynthesis in A. fumigatus, and for GT protection in A. fumigatus, A. nidulans, and A. oryzae. KojR regulates rglT, gliT, gliJ expression and sulfur metabolism in Aspergillus species. Together, this study identified conserved components required for GT protection in Aspergillus species.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.