ArticleBiomolecules2022
Longitudinal Effects of Serum Calcium and Phosphate Levels and Their Ratio on Incident Ischemic Heart Disease among Korean Adults.
Article in Biomolecules, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- High Serum Phosphate Is Associated with Cardiovascular Mortality and Subclinical Coronary Atherosclerosis: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2024Pooled it
- Complexed rifampicin with iron mitigates doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity.BMC pharmacology & toxicology · 2026Article
- Rifampicin efficacy against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in mice.The Egyptian heart journal : (EHJ) : official bulletin of the Egyptian Society of Cardiology · 2023Article
- Glycine protects against doxorubicin-induced heart toxicity in mice.Amino acids · 2023Article
- Potential Association of Isolated γ-Glutamyltransferase Elevation with Incident Ischemic Heart Disease in Lean Koreans.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Article
- Predictive Value of Serum Uric Acid to HDL Cholesterol Ratio for Incident Ischemic Heart Disease in Non-Diabetic Koreans.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- Genetically predicted phosphate and cardiovascular disease: A Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Serum calcium and phosphate levels are controlled by a regulatory system, but their individual concentration tendencies and interactions may affect long-term vascular health. This study aimed to assess the effects of serum calcium and phosphate levels on incident ischemic heart disease (IHD) in a large-scale community-dwelling Korean cohort. We evaluated 15,259 non-diabetic individuals (median age, 45 years; range, 30-85) without previous IHD or ischemic stroke using the Korean National Health Insurance data. The study population was classified based on the calcium, phosphate, and calcium/phosphate ratios. Using Cox proportional hazards regression models, we estimated hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for IHD over 50 months after baseline enrolment. The age- and sex-adjusted incidence of IHD gradually increased with serum calcium and phosphate quartiles and decreased with calcium/phosphate ratio quartiles, with an overall crude rate of 2.1% (315/15,259). After setting the lowest calcium, phosphate, and calcium/phosphate ratio quartiles as a reference group, the HRs (95% CIs) of the highest calcium, phosphate, and calcium/phosphate ratio quartiles for IHD were 1.77 (1.15-2.72), 1.73 (1.18-2.55), and 0.58 (0.39-0.87), respectively, after adjusting for potential confounding variables. Serum calcium and phosphate levels were positively associated with IHD incidence, while the serum calcium/phosphate ratio exhibited an inverse relationship. Serum calcium and phosphate homeostasis may merit serious consideration to understand the pathogenesis of coronary atherosclerosis as a risk modifier for IHD.
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