Evidence mapPaperPMID 35058312Full record

SynthesisBMJ open diabetes research & care2022

Flash glucose monitoring in type 2 diabetes managed with basal insulin in the USA: a retrospective real-world chart review study and meta-analysis.

Anders L Carlson, Timothy Dilon Daniel, Andrea DeSantis, Serge Jabbour, Esra Karslioglu French, Davida Kruger, Eden Miller, Kerem Ozer, Tom Elliott

Open access · goldAbstract readMeta-Analysis
In one paragraph

Synthesis in BMJ open diabetes research & care, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
33citing papers in PubMed
8.8field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

33 citing papers in PubMed, 65 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. The Expanding Role of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in the Management and Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2026
    Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Narrative Review: Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) in Older Adults with Diabetes.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2025
    Review
  9. Article
  10. The role of advanced technologies in improving diabetes outcomes.The American journal of managed care · 2025
    Review
  11. Advances in Continuous Glucose Monitoring: Clinical Applications.Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea) · 2025
    Review
  12. Article
  13. Cost-Effectiveness of FreeStyle Libre for Glucose Self-Management Among People with Diabetes Mellitus: A Canadian Private Payer Perspective.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2025
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
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  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Advances in diabetes technology within the digital diabetes ecosystem.Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy · 2024
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 7 institutions in 4 countries.

Anders L CarlsonInternational Diabetes Centre IDC, HealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA Anders.L.Carlson@HealthPartners.Com.
Timothy Dilon DanielDiabetes Wellness Clinic, Pearland, Texas, USA.
Andrea DeSantisDepartment of Family Medicine, The Charlotte-Mecklenburg Hospital Authority d/b/a Atrium Health, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA.
Serge JabbourDiabetes Research Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Esra Karslioglu FrenchDepartment of Endocrinology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Davida KrugerDivision of Endocrinology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
Eden MillerDiabetes and Obesity Care LLC, Bend, Oregon, USA.
Kerem OzerTexas Diabetes & Endocrinology, Round Rock, Texas, USA.
Tom ElliottBC Diabetes, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Diabetes Australia · AUHealthPartners · USHenry Ford Health System · USHospital Authority · CNTexas Diabetes & Endocrinology · USThomas Jefferson University · USUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical Center · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionEvidence supporting use of continuous glucose monitoring in type 2 diabetes treated with basal insulin is unclear. This real-world study aimed to assess the impact on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) of flash glucose monitoring use in adults with type 2 diabetes managed with basal insulin. RESEARCH DESIGN AND

methodsMedical records were reviewed for adult individuals with type 2 diabetes using basal insulin for ≥1 year with or without additional antihyperglycemic medication, HbA1c 8.0%-12.0% prior to FreeStyle Libre Flash Glucose Monitoring use for ≥90 days and an HbA1c measurement recorded between 90 and 194 days after device use. Exclusion criteria included utilization of bolus insulin. Meta-analysis data are from the current study (USA) and a similar Canadian cohort.

resultsMedical record analysis (n=100) from 8 USA study sites showed significant HbA1c decrease of 1.4%±1.3%, from 9.4%±1.0% at baseline to 8.0%±1.2% after device use, p<0.0001 (mean±SD).Meta-analysis of medical records from USA and Canada sites (n=191) showed HbA1c significantly decreased by 1.1%±0.14% (mean±SE), from baseline 9.2%±1.0% to 8.1%±1.1%, p≤0.0001, with moderate to high heterogeneity between sites (Q=43.9, I

conclusionsIn a real-world retrospective USA study and a meta-analysis of a larger USA and Canada cohort, HbA1c significantly reduced in basal insulin-treated type 2 diabetes, without bolus insulin initiation and following the commencement of flash glucose monitoring technology.

Indexed as

Blood Glucose Self-MonitoringDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2AdultBlood GlucoseCanadaHumansInsulinRetrospective StudiesUnited StatesBlood GlucoseInsulindiabetes mellitusglycated hemoglobin Ainsulintype 2

Identifiers

PMID35058312
PMCPMC8783803
OpenAlexW4206353581

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.