Evidence mapPaperPMID 35072048Full record

ArticleKidney medicine2022

CKD Prevalence Among Patients With and Without Type 2 Diabetes: Regional Differences in the United States.

Xue Snow Feng, Ryan Farej, Bonnie B Dean, Fang Xia, Andrew Gaiser, Sheldon X Kong, Jay Elliott, Stefanie Lindemann, Rakesh Singh

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Kidney medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07547878 (A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial to Assess Feasibility, Safety, and Efficacy of Rapid, Simultaneous Therapy Initiation in Chronic Kidney Disease and Type 2 Diabetes), which is not on this map. Cited by 18 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07547878 phase4not yet recruitingstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial to Assess Feasibility, Safety, and Efficacy of Rapid, Simultaneous Therapy Initiation in Chronic Kidney Disease and Type 2 Diabetes: RAPID-CKD

Ran2026Enrolled64Registered outcomes18Posted comparisons0ConditionsChronic Kidney Disease, Type 2 DiabetesArmsAccupril, Aceon, Altace, Atacand, Avapro
Open the trial in the graph
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Xue Snow FengBayer US LLC, Whippany, New Jersey.
Ryan FarejBayer US LLC, Whippany, New Jersey.
Bonnie B DeanXcenda, Palm Harbor, Florida.
Fang XiaBayer US LLC, Whippany, New Jersey.
Andrew GaiserXcenda, Palm Harbor, Florida.
Sheldon X KongBayer US LLC, Whippany, New Jersey.
Jay ElliottBayer US LLC, Whippany, New Jersey.
Stefanie LindemannBayer AG, Berlin, Germany.
Rakesh SinghCenter for the Evaluation of Value and Risk in Health, Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

RATIONALE &

objectiveRegional variation in chronic kidney disease (CKD) prevalence in patients with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has not been well characterized. STUDY

designSpatial and temporal comparative analysis. SETTING &

participantsMarketScan databases were used to identify patients with CKD overall and subgroups of patients with CKD with and without T2DM in the United States. OUTCOMES: Spatial patterns in CKD prevalence based on year, regional clusters of CKD between years, and characteristics of patients in high-prevalence states. ANALYTICAL APPROACH: Geomapping was used to visualize the state-level data of CKD prevalence generated from 2013 to 2018. We used univariate local indicators of spatial association (LISA) to evaluate geographic differences in prevalence, differential LISA for changes in CKD prevalence over time, and the χ

resultsIn univariate LISA, low-low clusters, in which a state has a low CKD prevalence and the surrounding states have a below-average CKD prevalence, were observed in the northwest region throughout the study period, regardless of the T2DM status, indicating a consistently low prevalence of CKD clustered in these areas. High-high clusters were observed, regardless of the T2DM status, in the southeast region in more recent years, suggesting an increased CKD prevalence in this region. LIMITATIONS: Health care insurance enrollment might not have been representative of the United States; the estimates were based on claims data that likely underestimated the true prevalence.

conclusionsGeographic disparities in CKD prevalence appear increasingly magnified, with an increase in the southeastern region of the United States. This increase is especially problematic because patients with CKD in high-prevalence states experience a greater likelihood of chronic conditions than those in the rest of the United States.

Indexed as

Chronic kidney diseaseCKDgeographical variationprevalencespatial-temporal variationT2DMtype 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID35072048
PMCPMC8767132

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.