SynthesisStroke2022
Systematic Review of Sex Differences in Ischemic Strokes Among Young Adults: Are Young Women Disproportionately at Risk?
Synthesis in Stroke, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Screening Fitness to Drive After Stroke Across Demographic Subgroups: A Systematic Review.OTJR : occupation, participation and health · 2026Pooled it
- Sex differences in treatment of familial hypercholesterolaemia: a meta-analysis.European heart journal · 2024Pooled it
- Photothrombotic and middle cerebral artery occlusion models produce distinct neurovascular injury and sex-dependent outcomes.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Sex Differences in Outcomes After Breakthrough Ischemic Stroke on Oral Anticoagulants for Atrial Fibrillation: An ASPERA-R Inverse Probability Weighted Analysis.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Early Transcriptional Changes in Neutrophil-Mediated Processes Following Recanalization After Ischemic Stroke.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Sex Differences in Young Adult Stroke Severity Using Linked Colorado-All Payer's Claims Database and the Get With The Guidelines-Stroke Registry.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Sex Differences in Age of Onset of Premature Cardiovascular Disease and Subtypes: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Sex-Based Clinical Outcomes Following Percutaneous Closure of Patent Foramen Ovale.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Sex-specific machine learning models for carotid plaque prediction in individuals with fatty liver disease: a cross-sectional study.BMJ open · 2026Article
- Clinical characteristics and frequent risk factors in young adult patients with stroke at a tertiary care hospital in Honduras.Frontiers in stroke · 2026Article
- Article
- Review
- Hypertension-attributable stroke burden in younger vs older people: analysis of GBD 2021 and NHANES databases.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2025Article
- Qishiwei Zhenzhu Pills Protect Against Cerebral Ischemia via the P53/Cytochrome C/Apoptotic Protease Activating Factor 1-Mediated Mitochondrial Apoptosis Pathway.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2025Article
- Hormone Replacement Therapy and Cardiovascular Health in Postmenopausal Women.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Endovascular Thrombectomy in a Young Female Patient With Atrial Septal Defect: A Case Report.Cureus · 2025Article
- Toxic stress is associated with cardiovascular disease among younger but not older women in the United States: Results from the research goes red registry.Preventive medicine reports · 2025Article
- Review
- 2024 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: A Report of US and Global Data From the American Heart Association.Circulation · 2024Review
- Identifying predictors of stroke in young adults: a machine learning analysis of sex-specific risk factors.Frontiers in stroke · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 8 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
background and purposeRecent evidence suggests that young women (18-45 years) may be at higher risk of ischemic strokes than men of the same age. The goal of this systematic review is to reconcile and synthesize existing evidence of sex differences among young adults with ischemic strokes.
methodsWe searched PubMed from January 2008 to July 2021 for relevant articles and reviews and consulted their references. We included original studies that (1) were population based and (2) reported stroke incidence by sex or sex-specific incidence rate ratios of young adults ≤45 years. We excluded studies that (1) omitted measurements of error for incidence rates or incidence rate ratios, (2) omitted age adjustment, and (3) were not in English. Statistical synthesis was performed to estimate sex difference by age group (≤35, 35-45, and ≤45) and stroke type.
resultsWe found 19 studies that reported on sex-specific stroke incidence among young adults, including 3 that reported on overlapping data. Nine studies did not find a statistically significant sex difference among young adults ≤45 years. Three studies found higher rates of ischemic stroke among men among young adults ≥30 to 35 years. Four studies found more women with ischemic strokes among young adults ≤35 years. Overall, in young adults ≤35 years, the estimated effect size favored more ischemic strokes in women (incidence rate ratio, 1.44 [1.18-1.76],
conclusionsOverall, there were 44% more women ≤35 years with ischemic strokes than men. This gap narrows in young adults, 35 to 45 years, and there is conflicting evidence whether more men or women have ischemic strokes in the 35 to 45 age group.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.