ArticleBiological trace element research2023
Cadmium and Lead Concentration in Drinking Instant Coffee, Instant Coffee Drinks and Coffee Substitutes: Safety and Health Risk Assessment.
Article in Biological trace element research, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Assessment of toxic heavy metals in commonly consumed foods in Egypt and their implications for public health and safety.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Coffee and chicory blend: properties, nutrition, and health implications.Journal of food science and technology · 2025Review
- Dietary Intake of Minerals and Potential Human Exposure to Toxic Elements via Coffee Consumption.Biological trace element research · 2025Article
- Concentration of Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) in Rapid Coffee Products in Bandar Abbas, Iran: Probabilistic Non-Carcinogenic and Carcinogenic Risk Assessment.Biological trace element research · 2025Article
- Essential and Nonessential Elements, Lipids and Volatile Compounds in Coffee and Transfer to Coffee Brews: Assessment of the Benefits and Potential Risks for Human Health.Food science & nutrition · 2025Article
- Review
- Probabilistic Risk Assessment of Metals, Acrylamide and Ochratoxin A in Instant Coffee from Brazil, Colombia, Mexico and Peru.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Development of a coffee bean certified reference material (KRISS CRM 108-10-023) for elemental analysis.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2024Article
- Assessing Health Risks Associated with Heavy Metals in Food: A Bibliometric Analysis.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Instant Coffee Is Negatively Associated with Telomere Length: Finding from Observational and Mendelian Randomization Analyses of UK Biobank.Nutrients · 2023Article
- The construction and validation of a lead exposure screening tool for pregnant women in Thailand (ThaiL8Is).Heliyon · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The presence of heavy metals in food is a global problem. The paper aimed to examine the content of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in instant coffee and instant coffee substitutes. The safety of consumption of the beverages by adult Poles was estimated based on the following parameters: tolerable weekly intake (TWI) %, benchmark dose lower confidence limit (BMDL) %, chronic daily intake (CDI), target hazard quotient (THQ) and hazard index (HI), for three beverage consumption patterns-one, two or three servings a day. Forty-nine samples of coffee, instant coffee drinks and coffee substitutes were analysed. The content of cadmium and lead was determined by ICP (inductively coupled plasma) analysis. The maximum level of Cd in the analysed beverages was 3.2 µg, and that of Pb was 82.6 µg per 1 kg. The tolerable level of intake of Cd (TWI) and Pb (BMDL) with the analysed beverages did not exceed 2.5%. The value of CDI, THQ and HI was not higher than 1, which means that the risk of diseases related to chronic exposure to Cd and Pb consumed with coffee should be evaluated as very low. However, special note should be taken of Pb, as the level of this metal was higher than that of Cd, and for beverages with a higher weight per serving (e.g. Cappuccino), the intake of Pb can exceed consumer-safe levels if they are consumed on a regular basis. Therefore, it should be considered whether it is advisable for flavoured multi-ingredient instant coffee drinks to be consumed from time to time only, and natural coffee with optional milk and/or sugar be the choice of regular coffee drinkers.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.