ArticlePloS one2022
Prevalence and associated risk factors for tuberculosis among people living with HIV in Nepal.
Article in PloS one, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Burden of mortality and its predictors among TB-HIV co-infected patients in Ethiopia: Systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2024Pooled it
- Prevalence and risk factors of tuberculosis among people living with HIV/AIDS in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Pooled it
- An optimal processing method for recovery of tuberculosis in the tongue swab using theMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Comorbidities, health-related quality of life and its associated factors among people living with HIV/AIDS in Gandaki Province of Nepal.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Time to incidence of tuberculosis and its predictors among adult HIV/AIDS patients who initiated ART by the Universal Test and Treat approach in Silte Zone, Ethiopia, 2023.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Concurrent TB and HIV therapies control TB reactivation during co-infection but not chronic immune activation.Nature communications · 2025Article
- A hospital-based observational study on HIV-TB co-infection.Access microbiology · 2025Article
- Clinical Characteristics and Mortality Risk Factors in Patients with Tuberculosis and CoincidentInfection and drug resistance · 2025Article
- Impact of COVID-19 on notifiable diseases: a time series study.Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da U S P · 2025Article
- Diagnostic utility of metagenomic next-generation sequencing for tissue in patients with suspected infectious diseases.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Prediction of latent tuberculosis infection in Venezuelan immigrants: construction and validation of a surveillance model.Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical · 2025Article
- Tuberculosis Diagnosis: Current, Ongoing, and Future Approaches.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Incidence Rate and Risk Factors for Developing Active Tuberculosis Among People Living With HIV in Georgia 2019-2020 Cohort.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Incidence and risk factors for HIV-tuberculosis coinfection in the Cologne-Bonn region: a retrospective cohort study.Infection · 2024Article
- Magnetic resonance imaging findings in central nervous system tuberculosis: A pictorial review.Heliyon · 2024Review
- Assessing intersectional gender analysis in Nepal's health management information system: a case study on tuberculosis for inclusive health systems.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2024Article
- Determinants of tuberculosis among adult people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy at public hospitals in Hawassa City, South Ethiopia.Frontiers in epidemiology · 2024Article
- Heterogeneity in practitioner-reported barriers to use, cost considerations and priorities for point of care sexually transmitted infection tests on surveys across seven years.International journal of STD & AIDS · 2023Article
- Single-Cell Transcriptomics ofCells · 2023Review
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundWorldwide tuberculosis (TB) takes more lives than any other infectious diseases. WHO estimates around 68,000 incident TB cases in Nepal. However, in 2018 only around 27,232 new TB cases were reported in the national system, resulting around 40,768 incident TB cases missing every year in Nepal. National Tuberculosis Control Center carried out this study in anti-retroviral therapy (ART) sites to estimate the prevalence of TB and identify the associated risk factors for TB among the people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (PLHIVs) in Nepal.
methodsIt was a cross-sectional institution-based study conducted between March and August 2018. Six ART sites with high caseloads of PLHIVs were selected. PLHIVs who were equal or above 18 years of age and were in ART program at the selected study sites were considered eligible for the study. Diagnosis of tuberculosis among PLHIVs who agreed to participate in the study was carried out as per the National Tuberculosis Management Guideline of National Tuberculosis Program of Nepal.
resultsAmong 403 PLHIVs, tuberculosis was diagnosed in 40 (9.9%) individuals. Median age of the participants was 36 (30-43) years. Prevalence of TB was significantly higher among male PLHIVs than female PLHIVs (13.6% Vs 5.8%; P = 0.02) and Dalit ethnic group compared to Brahmin/Chettri (22.0%Vs5.9%, P = 0.01). The risk of developing TB was found significant among those with HIV stage progressed to WHO stage 3 and 4 (OR = 4.85, P<0.001) and with the family history of TB (OR = 4.50, P = 0.002).
conclusionsPrevalence of TB among PLHIVs in Nepal was found 9.9%. Risk of developing TB was higher among PLHIVs who were male, Dalit, with HIV stage progressed to WHO stage 3 and 4 and with family history of TB. Hence, targeted interventions are needed to prevent the risk of developing TB among PLHIVs. Similarly, integrated, and comprehensive TB and HIV diagnosis and treatment services are needed for the management of TB/HIV co-infection in Nepal.
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