ReviewNature reviews. Cardiology2022
Therapeutic strategies targeting inflammation and immunity in atherosclerosis: how to proceed?
Review in Nature reviews. Cardiology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 238 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Efficacy and Safety of Comprehensive Treatment in Patients With Inflammation-associated Rapidly-progressive Coronary Artery Disease (IR-CAD): a Self-controlled Cohort Study
Disease Characteristics of Inflammation-associated Rapidly-progressive Coronary Artery Disease (IR-CAD): a Case-control Study
Who cites it
238 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 391 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of Compound Danshen Dripping Pills as an adjunct to conventional therapy for stable angina pectoris: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Using secondary prevention strategies in patients after PCI: a narrative review.Frontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
- Diagnostic and Prognostic Role of CD93 in Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review.Biomolecules · 2023Pooled it
- A ROS‑responsive liposome for atherosclerosis treatment via combined regulation of lipid metabolism and CD47 blockade.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2026Article
- Article
- Abdominal aortic calcification and functional recovery in patients undergoing posterior lumbar interbody fusion: a retrospective cohort study.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026Article
- Article
- Deficiency of protein kinase Cδ reprograms macrophage immunometabolism to suppress pyroptosis and stabilize atherosclerotic plaques.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Article
- LDL-binding IL-10 reduces vascular inflammation in atherosclerotic mice.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Nanomaterials-Based Immunotherapy for Atherosclerosis.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Review
- Innate immunity: current understandings and future perspectives.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- The Role of Inflammation and Immunity in Cardiovascular Disease: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets.MedComm · 2026Review
- Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Plasticity in Atherosclerosis: Mechanisms, Recent Advances, and Therapeutic Implications.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Macrophage CCRL2 promotes NLRP3 inflammasome activation to exacerbate atherosclerosis.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2026Article
- Pathological Mechanism-Inspired Biomimetic Nano-Senotherapy for Reversing Experimental Atherosclerosis in ApoEAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Clinical OCT computation-modeled prognosis of coronary plaque progression with validation by fusogenic macrophage nano-targeting.Nano convergence · 2026Article
- Bioinspired porous metal-amino acid nanozymes enable multi-pathway treatment of atherosclerosis through anti-oxidation and pro-efferocytosis.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Spatial transcriptomics reveals a key role of fibroblast-like vascular smooth muscle cells in human atherosclerotic cell crosstalk and stability.European heart journal · 2026Article
- Review
- The Neuroimmune Mechanisms Linking Smoking and Infection to Atherosclerosis: Chronic vs. Surge.Cardiovascular toxicology · 2026Review
178 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall, characterized by the formation of plaques containing lipid, connective tissue and immune cells in the intima of large and medium-sized arteries. Over the past three decades, a substantial reduction in cardiovascular mortality has been achieved largely through LDL-cholesterol-lowering regimes and therapies targeting other traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease, such as hypertension, smoking, diabetes mellitus and obesity. However, the overall benefits of targeting these risk factors have stagnated, and a huge global burden of cardiovascular disease remains. The indispensable role of immunological components in the establishment and chronicity of atherosclerosis has come to the forefront as a clinical target, with proof-of-principle studies demonstrating the benefit and challenges of targeting inflammation and the immune system in cardiovascular disease. In this Review, we provide an overview of the role of the immune system in atherosclerosis by discussing findings from preclinical research and clinical trials. We also identify important challenges that need to be addressed to advance the field and for successful clinical translation, including patient selection, identification of responders and non-responders to immunotherapies, implementation of patient immunophenotyping and potential surrogate end points for vascular inflammation. Finally, we provide strategic guidance for the translation of novel targets of immunotherapy into improvements in patient outcomes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.