ArticleOpen forum infectious diseases2022
Alarming Tuberculosis Rate Among People Who Inject Drugs in Vietnam.
Article in Open forum infectious diseases, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diagnostic accuracy of the ESAT6-CFP10 skin test for latent tuberculosis infection among jail detainees.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
- What Is the Optimal Community-Based Tuberculosis Screening Algorithm for People Who Inject Drugs in a High-Burden Setting?Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Article
- Burden of tuberculosis among vulnerable populations worldwide: an overview of systematic reviews.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2023Review
- A community-based strategy to eliminate hepatitis C among people who inject drugs in Vietnam.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2023Article
- Immunomodulatory properties of morphine and the hypothesised role of long-term opioid use in the immunopathogenesis of tuberculosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Identifying Hotspots of People Diagnosed of Tuberculosis with Addiction to Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drugs through a Geospatial Intelligence Application in Communities from Southern Brazil.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
20 authors at 8 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe tuberculosis (TB) epidemic is not homogeneous in the general population but presents high-risk groups. People who inject drugs (PWID) are such a group. However, TB among PWID remains largely undocumented. Our goal was to assess the prevalence of TB and the risk factors associated with TB among PWID in Vietnam.
methodsWe implemented a cross-sectional survey among 2 community-based cohorts of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive and HIV-negative PWID in Hai Phong. Participants were screened for TB using questions on TB symptoms. Those who reported any symptom were accompanied by peers to the TB clinic for chest x-ray. If the latter was abnormal, a sputum was collected to perform an Xpert MTB/RIF test.
resultsA total of 885 PWID were screened for TB. For both cohorts, most PWID were male (>90.0%), with a median age of 42 years. Beside heroin injection, 52.5% of participants reported smoking methamphetamine, and 63.2% were on methadone. Among HIV-positive PWID (N = 451), 90.4% were on antiretroviral therapy and 81.6% had a viral load <1000 copies/mL. Using a complete-case analysis, the estimated TB prevalence was 2.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0-4.5) and 2.1% (95% CI, 0.8-4.2) among HIV-positive and HIV-negative people, respectively. Living as a couple, arrest over the past 6 months, homelessness, and smoking methamphetamine were independently associated with TB but not HIV infection.
conclusionsIn the context of very large antiretroviral therapy coverage, this extremely high rate of TB among PWID requires urgent actions.
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