ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2022
In vivo imaging of the GnRH pulse generator reveals a temporal order of neuronal activation and synchronization during each pulse.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
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Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antioxidants in Menopausal Transition and Male Late-Onset Hypogonadism for the Prevention of Diabetes.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Robust serotonin activation of the kisspeptin GnRH pulse generator in male and female mice.Endocrinology · 2026Article
- GABA receptor modulation of arcuate kisspeptin neuron bursting and synchronization activity in female mice.Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2026Article
- Integrating mechanistic models to decode the GnRH pulse generator in female mice.Journal of molecular endocrinology · 2026Review
- Vesicular GABA transport expression in kisspeptin cells may contribute to the preovulatory gonadotropin surge.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Regulation of ovarian function in domestic animals: translational insights into human ovarian dynamics and dysfunction.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Neuroendocrine mechanisms responsible for elevated gonadotrophin-releasing hormone and luteinising hormone pulses in polycystic ovary syndrome.Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2025Review
- Role of KNDy neurons in puberty onset in male offspring following prenatal androgen exposure.Endocrine connections · 2025Article
- The Role of Neurohypophysial Hormones in the Endocrine and Paracrine Control of Gametogenesis in Fish.Cells · 2025Review
- Reversal of congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in two brothers carrying a homozygous KISS1 frameshift mutation.The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology · 2025Article
- Brainstem noradrenergic modulation of the kisspeptin neuron GnRH pulse generator in mice.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Comparative Analysis of GnRH Pulse Generator Activity in Intact and Gonadectomized Male and Female Mice.Endocrinology · 2025Article
- The Neuroendocrine Regulation of Reproductive Behavior and Emotional Control by Kisspeptin.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Review
- Kisspeptin and neurokinin B: roles in reproductive health.Physiological reviews · 2025Review
- Sex and Time of Day Alter the Interactions Between Hypothalamic Glia and the Neural Circuits Controlling Reproduction.Endocrinology · 2025Article
- KNDy Neurons and the Control of the Gonadotropic Axis in the Midgestation Fetal Sheep.Endocrinology · 2025Article
- A New Hope for Woman with Vasomotor Symptoms: Neurokinin B Antagonists.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Article
- Effects of atrazine on the HPG and HPA axes and steroidogenic pathways in females: relevance to reproductive function and breast, ovarian and uterine cancer.Frontiers in toxicology · 2025Review
- Effects of menopause on temperature regulation.Temperature (Austin, Tex.) · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
A hypothalamic pulse generator located in the arcuate nucleus controls episodic release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) and is essential for reproduction. Recent evidence suggests this generator is composed of arcuate "KNDy" cells, the abbreviation based on coexpression of kisspeptin, neurokinin B, and dynorphin. However, direct visual evidence of KNDy neuron activity at a single-cell level during a pulse is lacking. Here, we use in vivo calcium imaging in freely moving female mice to show that individual KNDy neurons are synchronously activated in an episodic manner, and these synchronized episodes always precede LH pulses. Furthermore, synchronization among KNDy cells occurs in a temporal order, with some subsets of KNDy cells serving as "leaders" and others as "followers" during each synchronized episode. These results reveal an unsuspected temporal organization of activation and synchronization within the GnRH pulse generator, suggesting that different subsets of KNDy neurons are activated at pulse onset than afterward during maintenance and eventual termination of each pulse. Further studies to distinguish KNDy "leader" from "follower" cells is likely to have important clinical significance, since regulation of pulsatile GnRH secretion is essential for normal reproduction and disrupted in pathological conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome and hypothalamic amenorrhea.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.