SynthesisPsychiatry and clinical neurosciences2022
Cross disorder comparisons of brain structure in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, and 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: A review of ENIGMA findings.
Synthesis in Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- White matter microstructure in relatives of people with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder: an ENIGMA meta-analysis.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Identification of a diagnosis-selective neurobiological substrate for bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, and schizophrenia: a meta-analysis of 57,717 subjects.Psychological medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Identification of 1q25.2 as a novel shared locus between schizophrenia and major depressive disorder in east Asians by integrative analyses.Translational psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Estimating Multimodal Structural Brain Variability in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: A Worldwide ENIGMA Study.The American journal of psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Big data and psychiatry: advances, constraints and future directions.World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) · 2026Article
- Rethinking schizophrenia: insights from genomics and implications for research.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Review
- Cross-disorder comparison of brain structures among 4836 individuals with mental disorders and controls utilizing danish population-based clinical MRI scans.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Neuroimaging Summary Scores Predict Trajectories of Psychotic-Like Experiences in Youth.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- A Comprehensive Analysis of Inflammation Regulatory Biomarkers among three Neuropsychiatric Disorders using Transcriptomic Approach.Neuroinformatics · 2026Article
- Cerebellar structure is abnormal in schizophrenia and deviates from bipolar disorder.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2026Article
- Transdiagnostic prevention in youth mental health, Part I: rationale, shared risk factors.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Review
- Phase delay and neural dyssynchrony of the 40-Hz auditory steady-state response in mood and psychotic disorders.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Genomics of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2025Review
- Special Issue "Translating Molecular Psychiatry: From Biomarkers to Personalized Therapies".International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Neurobiological correlates of schizophrenia-specific and highly pleiotropic genetic risk scores for neuropsychiatric disorders.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- Gaze behaviors during free viewing revealed differences in visual salience processing across four major psychiatric disorders: a mega-analysis study of 1012 individuals.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Article
- ENIGMA-Meditation: Worldwide Consortium for Neuroscientific Investigations of Meditation Practices.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2025Review
- Proposal for a Novel Classification of Patients With Enlarged Ventricles and Cognitive Impairment Based on Data-Driven Analysis of Neuroimaging Results in Patients With Psychiatric Disorders.Neuropsychopharmacology reports · 2025Article
- Depressive and Negative Symptoms in the Early and Established Stages of Schizophrenia: Integrating Structural Brain Alterations, Cognitive Performance, and Plasma Interleukin 6 Levels.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2025Article
- A real-world analysis of antidepressant medications in US veterans aged 60 years and older: a comparative analysis.Journal of comparative effectiveness research · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 8 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
This review compares the main brain abnormalities in schizophrenia (SZ), bipolar disorder (BD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome (22q11DS) determined by ENIGMA (Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics through Meta Analysis) consortium investigations. We obtained ranked effect sizes for subcortical volumes, regional cortical thickness, cortical surface area, and diffusion tensor imaging abnormalities, comparing each of these disorders relative to healthy controls. In addition, the studies report on significant associations between brain imaging metrics and disorder-related factors such as symptom severity and treatments. Visual comparison of effect size profiles shows that effect sizes are generally in the same direction and scale in severity with the disorders (in the order SZ > BD > MDD). The effect sizes for 22q11DS, a rare genetic syndrome that increases the risk for psychiatric disorders, appear to be much larger than for either of the complex psychiatric disorders. This is consistent with the idea of generally larger effects on the brain of rare compared to common genetic variants. Cortical thickness and surface area effect sizes for 22q11DS with psychosis compared to 22q11DS without psychosis are more similar to those of SZ and BD than those of MDD; a pattern not observed for subcortical brain structures and fractional anisotropy effect sizes. The observed similarities in effect size profiles for cortical measures across the psychiatric disorders mimic those observed for shared genetic variance between these disorders reported based on family and genetic studies and are consistent with shared genetic risk for SZ and BD and structural brain phenotypes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.