ArticlePloS one2022
Burden and risk factors for antenatal depression and its effect on preterm birth in South Asia: A population-based cohort study.
Article in PloS one, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Depression and antidepressant use in pregnancy and adverse maternal and offspring outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Prenatal depression increases the odds of preterm birth in a prospective cohort study in Hangzhou.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Moderating effect of dysmenorrhea on the association between number of pregnancies and antenatal depression in the third trimester: a cross-sectional study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Observational
- Unveiling socio-demographic determinants of low birth weight using machine learning techniques.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Development and validation of a predictive nomogram for antenatal depression in China.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Social and obstetric risk factors of antenatal depression: A cross-sectional study in China.World journal of psychiatry · 2025Article
- Association of Pregnant Women's Perinatal Depression with Sociodemographic, Anthropometric and Lifestyle Factors and Perinatal and Postnatal Outcomes: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Prevalence and risk factors of perinatal depression among mothers and fathers in Pakistan: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Health psychology and behavioral medicine · 2024Review
- Traversing mental health disorders during pregnancy: Lebanese women's experiences of antepartum depression and anxiety.Irish journal of medical science · 2023Article
- Associations of Preterm Birth with Dental and Gastrointestinal Diseases: Machine Learning Analysis Using National Health Insurance Data.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Individual and collective contribution of antenatal psychosocial distress conditions and preterm birth in Pakistani women.PloS one · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
24 authors at 7 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
Abstract
introductionWomen experience high rates of depression, particularly during pregnancy and the postpartum periods. Using population-based data from Bangladesh and Pakistan, we estimated the burden of antenatal depression, its risk factors, and its effect on preterm birth.
methodsThe study uses the following data: maternal depression measured between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation using the 9-question Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9); data on pregnancy including an ultrasound before 19 weeks of gestation; data on pregnancy outcomes; and data on woman's age, education, parity, weight, height, history of previous illness, prior miscarriage, stillbirth, husband's education, and household socioeconomic data collected during early pregnancy. Using PHQ-9 cutoff score of ≥12, women were categorized into none to mild depression or moderate to moderately severe depression. Using ultrasound data, preterm birth was defined as babies born <37 weeks of gestation. To identify risk ratios (RR) for antenatal depression, unadjusted and adjusted RR and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using log- binomial model. Log-binomial models were also used for determining the effect of antenatal depression on preterm birth adjusting for potential confounders. Data were analyzed using Stata version 16 (StataCorp LP).
resultsAbout 6% of the women reported moderate to moderately severe depressive symptoms during the antenatal period. A parity of ≥2 and the highest household wealth status were associated with an increased risk of depression. The overall incidence of preterm birth was 13.4%. Maternal antenatal depression was significantly associated with the risk of preterm birth (ARR, 95% CI: 1.34, 1.02-1.74).
conclusionThe increased risk of preterm birth in women with antenatal depression in conjunction with other significant risk factors suggests that depression likely occurs within a constellation of other risk factors. Thus, to effectively address the burden of preterm birth, programs require developing and providing integrated care addressing multiple risk factors.
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