SynthesisEpidemiology and infection2021
Association between enterovirus infection and clinical type 1 diabetes mellitus: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.
Synthesis in Epidemiology and infection, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Rotavirus Infection as a Contributor to Early-Onset Type 1 Diabetes: Review and Recommendations.Viruses · 2026Review
- The Role of Infant and Early Childhood Gut Virome in Immunity and the Triggering of Autoimmunity-A Narrative Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Seasonal Variation in Type 1 Diabetes Incidence in Poland: Exploring the Impact of Viral Infections, Including COVID-19.Pediatric diabetes · 2025Article
- Global landscape of coxsackieviruses in human health.Virus research · 2024Review
- Article
- A case of doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide therapy-induced type 1 diabetes: a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2023Article
- Causal relationship between type 1 diabetes mellitus and six high-frequency infectious diseases: A two-sample mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- CXADR polymorphism rs6517774 modifies islet autoimmunity characteristics and exhibits sex disparity.Frontiers in genetics · 2023Article
- The etiology and pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes - A personal, non-systematic review of possible causes, and interventions.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Numerous animal models and epidemiological and observational studies have demonstrated that enterovirus (EV) infection could be involved in the development of clinical type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), but its aetiology is not fully understood. Therefore, we reviewed the association between EV infection and clinical T1DM. We searched PubMed and Embase from inception to April 2021 and reference lists of included studies without any language restrictions in only human studies. The correlation between EV infection and clinical T1DM was calculated as the pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), analysed using random-effects models. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate the robustness of the associations. A total of 25 articles (22 case-control studies and three nested case-control studies) met the inclusion criterion including 4854 participants (2948 cases and 1906 controls) with a high level of statistical heterogeneity (I2 = 80%, P < 0.001) mainly attributable to methods of EV detection, study type, age distribution, source of EV sample and control subjects. Meta-analysis showed a significant association between EV infection and clinical T1DM (OR 5.75, 95% CI 3.61-9.61). There is a clinically significant association between clinical T1DM and EV infection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.