ReviewFrontiers in endocrinology2021
Intestinal Barrier Function and Immune Homeostasis Are Missing Links in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Development.
Review in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Gut Microbiome as a Mechanistic Link Between the Planetary Health Diet and Healthy Aging.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Host-Microbiota Interactions in Obesity: Immune Metabolic Dysregulation.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2026Review
- Natural Bioactive Compounds Targeting Gut Barrier Integrity and Metabolic Endotoxemia in Cardiometabolic Disease: Mechanistic Insights and Translational Perspectives.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Angptl4 integrates dietary and microbial signals to disrupt gut barrier function in MASH.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Soybean Oligosaccharides Mitigate HFD-Induced Obesity in Mice with Changes in the Gut Mucus-Microbiota Axis.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Article
- Application and prospects of organoid-on-a-chip in research on the intestinal mucosal barrier.Burns & trauma · 2026Review
- Focus on gut microbiota regulation: exploring the potential of fermented traditional Chinese medicines in the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Intestinal CD4Molecular medicine reports · 2025Article
- Anthocyanins Modulation of Gut Microbiota to Reverse Obesity-Driven Inflammation and Insulin Resistance.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Role of gut microbiota in the development of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in inflammatory bowel disease.World journal of gastroenterology · 2025Review
- Bioinformatics analyses of comorbid mechanisms between psoriasis and type 2 diabetes mellitus.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Gut-liver axis in diabetes: Mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities.World journal of gastroenterology · 2025Review
- Intestinal antibody repertoire is altered by diabetes and varies depending on the pathogenesis.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2025Article
- Effects of red ginseng extract and red ginseng dietary fiber on the maintenance of intestinal immune and functional homeostasis in diet-induced obese mice.Journal of ginseng research · 2025Article
- Effects of Baobab fruit powder on gut and cardiometabolic health in obesity-Protocol for a randomised placebo-controlled trial.PloS one · 2025Article
- Shenlian Decoction Ameliorates LPS-Related Inflammation in db/db Mice: Coupling Network Pharmacology With Experimental Verification.Journal of diabetes research · 2025Article
- Article
- Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in Preeclampsia: Mechanisms, Biomarkers, and Probiotic-Based Interventions.Mediators of inflammation · 2025Article
- The influence of the maternal microbiome on offspring neurodevelopment: a critical review of associations, controversies, and challenges.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Noncommunicable diseases, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D), place a burden on healthcare systems worldwide. The rising prevalence of obesity, a major risk factor for T2D, is mainly attributed to the adoption of Westernized diets and lifestyle, which cause metabolic dysfunction and insulin resistance. Moreover, diet may also induce changes in the microbiota composition, thereby affecting intestinal immunity. The critical role of intestinal immunity and intestinal barrier function in the development of T2D is increasingly acknowledged, however, limited studies have investigated the link between intestinal function and metabolic disease. In this review, studies reporting specific roles of the intestinal immune system and intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) in metabolic disease are highlighted. Innate chemokine signaling, eosinophils, immunoglobulin A (IgA), T helper (Th) 17 cells and their cytokines were associated with obesity and/or dysregulated glucose homeostasis. Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) emerged as critical modulators of obesity and glucose homeostasis through their effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) signaling and decontamination. Furthermore, IECs create a link between microbial metabolites and whole-body metabolic function. Future in depth studies of the intestinal immune system and IECs may provide new opportunities and targets to develop treatments and prevention strategies for obesity and T2D.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.