ReviewAngiogenesis2022
The vascularization paradox of non-union formation.
Review in Angiogenesis, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Diabetes and the risk of delayed union or non-union of fractures: evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2026Pooled it
- Impact of Beta-Blocker Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases on Bone Healing Following Fracture Surgery.Calcified tissue international · 2026Review
- Review
- The Impact of Surgical Trauma-Activated Platelet-Rich Fibrin on Mesenchymal Stromal Cells In Vitro.Cells · 2026Article
- Atrophic Long-Bone Non-Union: Current Insights into Pathogenesis and Management-A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Crosstalk between bone and vasculature within bone.Fundamental research · 2026Review
- Mechanical Cues and Lineage Commitment Govern the Angiogenic Potential of Mesenchymal Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles.Advanced biology · 2026Article
- Stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles -mediated bone regeneration: mechanisms, targeted delivery, and clinical perspectives in promoting angiogenesis.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Biodegradable Zinc-Based Alloys for Guided Bone Regeneration Membranes: Feasibility, Current Status, and Future Prospects.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- The Role of Persistent Inflammation in the Pathogenesis of Infected Nonunion: A Narrative Review.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2025Review
- Knockdown of LncRNA H19 inhibits vascularization and endochondral ossification via the MiRNA-21a-5p-Smad7/p-Smad2/3 pathway in fracture repair.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Chitosan-Oligosaccharide-Bearing Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Bone Cement: Preparation and Angiogenic Activity In Vitro.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- [Research progress in three-dimensional-printed bone scaffolds combined with vascularized tissue flaps for segmental bone defect reconstruction].Zhongguo xiu fu chong jian wai ke za zhi = Zhongguo xiufu chongjian waike zazhi = Chinese journal of reparative and reconstructive surgery · 2025Review
- Osteoking exerts pro‑osteogenic and anti‑adipogenic effects in promoting bone fracture healing via EGF/EGFR/HDAC1/Wnt/β‑catenin signaling.International journal of molecular medicine · 2025Article
- It is not waste if it is therapy: cellular, secretory and functional properties of reamer-irrigator-aspirator (RIA)-derived autologous bone grafts.Journal of orthopaedics and traumatology : official journal of the Italian Society of Orthopaedics and Traumatology · 2025Article
- The Genetic and Biological Basis of Pseudoarthrosis in Fractures: Current Understanding and Future Directions.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Electro-spun piezoelectric PLLA smart composites as a scaffold on bone fracture: A review.Regenerative therapy · 2025Review
- Mild Hyperthermia Accelerates Bone Repair by Dynamically Regulating iNOS/Arg1 Balance in the Early Stage.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- From Bone To Blood Flow: Tissue Engineering In Orthopedics - A Narrative Review.Orthopedic reviews · 2025Article
- Following Multiple Failed Reconstructions of a Distal Femur Fracture, Osseous Union Achieved After Superficial Femoral Artery Endarterectomy.Ochsner journal · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Despite major research efforts to elucidate mechanisms of non-union formation, failed fracture healing remains a common complication in orthopedic surgery. Adequate vascularization has been recognized as a crucial factor for successful bone regeneration, as newly formed microvessels guarantee the supply of the callus tissue with vital oxygen, nutrients, and growth factors. Accordingly, a vast number of preclinical studies have focused on the development of vascularization strategies to stimulate fracture repair. However, recent evidence suggests that stimulation of blood vessel formation is an oversimplified approach to support bone regeneration. This review discusses the role of vascularization during bone regeneration and delineates a phenomenon, for which we coin the term "the vascularization paradox of non-union-formation". This view is based on the results of a variety of experimental studies that suggest that the callus tissue of non-unions is indeed densely vascularized and that pro-angiogenic mediators, such as vascular endothelial growth factor, are sufficiently expressed at the facture site. By gaining further insights into the molecular and cellular basis of non-union vascularization, it may be possible to develop more optimized treatment approaches or even prevent the non-union formation in the future.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.