Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35166399›Full record

SynthesisAlimentary pharmacology & therapeutics2022

Systematic review: development of a consensus code set to identify cirrhosis in electronic health records.

Jessica E Shearer, Juan J Gonzalez, Thazin Min, Richard Parker, Rebecca Jones, Grace L Su, Elliot B Tapper, Ian A Rowe

Abstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
28citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Socioeconomic factors and SGLT2 inhibitor initiation in patients with heart failure-a claims data analysis.Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. High Hospitalization Rates and Risk Factors Among Frail Patients With Cirrhosis: A 10-year Population-based Cohort Study.Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association · 2025
    Article
  13. Cirrhosis epidemiology in Denmark 1998-2022, and 2030 forecast.JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology · 2025
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Clinical Ethics Consultations in Cirrhosis Care.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2025
    Article
  17. Review
  18. A roadmap for clinical trials in MASH-related compensated cirrhosis.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2024
    Review
  19. Observational
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Jessica E ShearerLeeds Liver Unit, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-5521-5322
Juan J GonzalezDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Thazin MinLeeds Liver Unit, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK.
Richard ParkerLeeds Liver Unit, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-4888-8670
Rebecca JonesLeeds Liver Unit, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK.
Grace L SuDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Elliot B TapperDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0839-1515
Ian A RoweLeeds Liver Unit, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-1288-0749

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundElectronic health records (EHRs) collate longitudinal data that can be used to facilitate large-scale research in patients with cirrhosis. However, there is no consensus code set to define the presence of cirrhosis in EHR. This systematic review aims to evaluate the validity of diagnostic coding in cirrhosis and to synthesise a comprehensive set of ICD-10 codes for future EHR research.

methodMEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched for studies that used EHR to identify cirrhosis and cirrhosis-related complications. Validated code sets were summarised, and the performance characteristics were extracted. Citation analysis was done to inform development of a consensus code set. This was then validated in a cohort of patients.

resultsOne thousand six hundred twenty-six records were screened, and 18 studies were identified. The positive predictive value (PPV) was the most frequently reported statistical estimate and was ≥80% in 17/18 studies. Citation analyses showed continued variation in those used in contemporary research practice. Nine codes were identified as those most frequently used in the literature and these formed the consensus code set. This was validated in diverse patient populations from Europe and North America and showed high PPV (83%-89%) and greater sensitivity for the identification of cirrhosis than the most often used code set in the recent literature.

conclusionThere is variation in code sets used to identify cirrhosis in contemporary research practice. A consensus set has been developed and validated, showing improved performance, and is proposed to align EHR study designs in cirrhosis to facilitate international collaboration and comparisons.

Indexed as

Electronic Health RecordsInternational Classification of DiseasesAlgorithmsConsensusConsensus Statements as TopicDatabases, FactualHumansLiver Cirrhosis

Identifiers

PMID35166399
PMCPMC9302659

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.