Evidence mapPaperPMID 35175249Full record

Trial reportMedicine and science in sports and exercise2022

Cardiorespiratory Fitness, BMI, Mortality, and Cardiovascular Disease in Adults with Overweight/Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes.

Andrew C Wills, Elsa Vazquez Arreola, Muideen T Olaiya, Jeffrey M Curtis, Margareta I Hellgren, Robert L Hanson, William C Knowler

Open access · greenAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
3.7field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.

Andrew C WillsDiabetes Epidemiology and Clinical Research Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, AZ.
Elsa Vazquez ArreolaDiabetes Epidemiology and Clinical Research Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, AZ.
Muideen T Olaiya
Jeffrey M Curtis
Margareta I Hellgren
Robert L HansonDiabetes Epidemiology and Clinical Research Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, AZ.
William C KnowlerDiabetes Epidemiology and Clinical Research Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, AZ.
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases · USMonash University · AU

Funding

Primary and Tertiary Prevention of type 2 diabetesZIADK075078 · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DIABETES AND DIGESTIVE AND KIDNEY DISEASES · 2025 to 2025
$466k
Intramural NIH HHS Z99 DK999999
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionWe estimated the effects of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and body mass index (BMI) at baseline on mortality and cardiovascular disease events in people with type 2 diabetes who participated in the Look AHEAD randomized clinical trial.

methodsLook AHEAD compared effects of an intensive lifestyle intervention with diabetes support and education on cardiovascular disease events in 5145 adults age 45-76 yr with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes. In 4773 participants, we performed a secondary analysis of the association of baseline CRF during maximal treadmill test (expressed as metabolic equivalents (METs)) on mortality and cardiovascular disease events during a mean follow-up of 9.2 yr.

resultsThe mean (SD) CRF was 7.2 (2.0) METs. Adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, BMI, intervention group, and β-blocker use, all-cause mortality rate was 30% lower per SD greater METs (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.70 (95% confidence interval, 0.60 to 0.81); rate difference (RD), -2.71 deaths/1000 person-years (95% confidence interval, -3.79 to -1.63)). Similarly, an SD greater METs predicted lower cardiovascular disease mortality (HR, 0.45; RD, -1.65 cases/1000 person-years) and a composite cardiovascular outcome (HR, 0.72; RD, -6.38). Effects of METs were homogeneous on the HR scale for most baseline variables and outcomes but heterogeneous for many on the RD scale, with greater RD in subgroups at greater risk of the outcomes. For example, all-cause mortality was lower by 7.6 deaths/1000 person-years per SD greater METs in those with a history of cardiovascular disease at baseline but lower by only 1.6 in those without such history. BMI adjusted for CRF had little or no effect on these outcomes.

conclusionsGreater CRF is associated with reduced risks of mortality and cardiovascular disease events.

Indexed as

Body Mass IndexCardiorespiratory FitnessAgedCardiovascular DiseasesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Exercise TestHumansMiddle AgedObesityOverweightPhysical FitnessRisk Factors

Identifiers

PMID35175249
PMCPMC9117407
OpenAlexW4213041820

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.