ReviewInternational journal of cancer2022
Repurposing autophagy regulators in brain tumors.
Review in International journal of cancer, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Repurposing neurological drugs for brain cancer therapeutics: A systematic approach to identify charged molecules for affinity-based local drug delivery systems.International journal of pharmaceutics · 2025Pooled it
- Pharmacological Modulators of TCTP: Opportunities and Challenges for Drug Repurposing.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Modeling blood-brain barrier-glioblastoma interactions: implications for chemoresistance and therapeutic targeting.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2026Review
- Cell line-specific antileukemic effects of imipramine: apoptosis, reactive oxygen species modulation and cytokine responses in human acute promyelocytic leukemia and chronic myelogenous leukemia cells.Molecular biology reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Differential activation of NF-κB pathway by Escherichia coli and Bacteroides fragilis lipopolysaccharides affects blood-brain barrier permeability.Archives of microbiology · 2026Article
- Synergistic antibacterial and anti-inflammatory potentials of dual-loaded self-healing hydrogel for methicillin-resistantJournal of pharmaceutical analysis · 2026Article
- Decoding autophagy in neuro-tumor crosstalk: from underlying mechanisms to translational opportunities.Theranostics · 2026Review
- Autophagy Modulation by Antidepressants: Mechanisms and Implications.Neurochemical research · 2025Review
- The role of mitochondria-related genes in hepatocellular carcinoma prognosis: construction of prognostic models based on machine learning.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- A New Adjuvant Treatment for Glioblastoma Using Aprepitant, Vortioxetine, Roflumilast and Olanzapine: The AVRO Regimen.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- UBC4: A Repurposed Drug Regimen for Adjunctive Use During Bladder Cancer Treatment.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Clinical application and drug resistance mechanism of gemcitabine.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- New Anti-Angiogenic Therapy for Glioblastoma With the Anti-Depressant Sertraline.Cancer medicine · 2024Article
- Research progress and challenges of stem cell therapy for ischemic stroke.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Review
- Radioresistance and brain metastases: a review of the literature and applied perspective.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Review
- Metixene is an incomplete autophagy inducer in preclinical models of metastatic cancer and brain metastases.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2023Article
- Autophagy Modulation and Its Implications on Glioblastoma Treatment.Current issues in molecular biology · 2023Review
- Hirudin inhibits glioma growth through mTOR-regulated autophagy.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2023Article
- Identification of angiogenesis-related genes signature for predicting survival and its regulatory network in glioblastoma.Cancer medicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Malignant brain tumors, such as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and brain metastases, continue to be an unmet medical challenge. Despite advances in cancer diagnostics and therapeutics, tumor cell colonization in the central nervous system renders most treatment options ineffective. This is primarily due to the selective permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which hinders the crossing of targeting agents into the brain. As such, repositioning medications that demonstrate anticancer effects and possess the ability to cross the BBB can be a promising option. Antidepressants, which are BBB-permeable, have been reported to exhibit cytotoxicity against tumor cells. Autophagy, specifically, has been identified as one of the common key mediators of antidepressant's antitumor effects. In this work, we provide a comprehensive overview of US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved antidepressants with reported cytotoxic activities in different tumor models, where autophagy dysregulation was demonstrated to play the main part. As such, imipramine, maprotiline, fluoxetine and escitalopram were shown to induce autophagy, whereas nortriptyline, clomipramine and paroxetine were identified as autophagy inhibitors. Sertraline and desipramine, depending on the neoplastic context, were demonstrated to either induce or inhibit autophagy. Collectively, these medications were associated with favorable therapeutic outcomes in a variety of cancer cell models, including brain tumors.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.