ArticleCell2022
Respiratory mucosal delivery of next-generation COVID-19 vaccine provides robust protection against both ancestral and variant strains of SARS-CoV-2.
Article in Cell, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 207 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
207 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 315 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mucosal immune response in biology, disease prevention and treatment.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Pooled it
- A perspective current and past modes of inhalation therapy.Microbial biotechnology · 2024Pooled it
- Modeling of antibody waning after heterologous boosting with Ad5-nCoV in individuals primed with two-dose CoronaVac previously.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Trial
- Safety and Immunogenicity of aerosolized adenovirus-vectored COVID-19 vaccine and intramuscular mRNA vaccine bivalent boosters: a randomized open-label clinical trial.Nature communications · 2025Trial
- Trivalent recombinant protein vaccine induces cross-neutralization against XBB lineage and JN.1 subvariants: preclinical and phase 1 clinical trials.Nature communications · 2024Trial
- Safety and immunogenicity of heterologous boosting with orally administered aerosolized bivalent adenovirus type-5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine and B.1.1.529 variant adenovirus type-5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine in adults 18 years and older: a randomized, double blinded, parallel controlled trial.Emerging microbes & infections · 2024Trial
- Safety and efficacy of the intranasal spray SARS-CoV-2 vaccine dNS1-RBD: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial.The Lancet. Respiratory medicine · 2023Trial
- Safety and immunogenicity of heterologous boost immunisation with an orally administered aerosolised Ad5-nCoV after two-dose priming with an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in Chinese adults: a randomised, open-label, single-centre trial.The Lancet. Respiratory medicine · 2022Trial
- An Rv1471-expressing chimpanzee adenovirus vaccine confers protection against tuberculosis by inducing alveolar macrophage trained immunity and polyfunctional T-cell responses.Emerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
- Respiratory mucosal immunity: Biological functions, diseases, prevention and therapy.Genes & diseases · 2026Review
- Article
- A novel cystic fibrosis-mimetic Pseudomonas auxotrophic vaccine is protective in vivo and is associated with IL-17/IgA mucosal Immunity.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026Article
- Broad and durable protection against SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV by an intranasal chimpanzee adenovirus vaccine expressing tandem RBDs and nucleocapsid.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- The role of mucosal IgA in protection against influenza A H1N1 virus infection in a real-world setting.EBioMedicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Intranasal vaccine combining adenovirus and trimeric subunit protein provides superior immunity against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Article
- Article
- Intranasal immunization with live-attenuated RSV-vectored SARS-CoV-2 vaccines elicits antigen-specific systemic and mucosal immunity and protects against viral challenge and natural infection.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Dual induction of tissue-resident T and B cell immunity for broad influenza protection with a nanofiber-VLP vaccine.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
147 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
29 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) threaten the effectiveness of current COVID-19 vaccines administered intramuscularly and designed to only target the spike protein. There is a pressing need to develop next-generation vaccine strategies for broader and long-lasting protection. Using adenoviral vectors (Ad) of human and chimpanzee origin, we evaluated Ad-vectored trivalent COVID-19 vaccines expressing spike-1, nucleocapsid, and RdRp antigens in murine models. We show that single-dose intranasal immunization, particularly with chimpanzee Ad-vectored vaccine, is superior to intramuscular immunization in induction of the tripartite protective immunity consisting of local and systemic antibody responses, mucosal tissue-resident memory T cells and mucosal trained innate immunity. We further show that intranasal immunization provides protection against both the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 and two VOC, B.1.1.7 and B.1.351. Our findings indicate that respiratory mucosal delivery of Ad-vectored multivalent vaccine represents an effective next-generation COVID-19 vaccine strategy to induce all-around mucosal immunity against current and future VOC.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.