ReviewAdvances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)2022
Satiety Associated with Calorie Restriction and Time-Restricted Feeding: Peripheral Hormones.
Review in Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Fasting appetite-related gut hormone responses after weight loss induced by calorie restriction, exercise, or both in people with overweight or obesity: a meta-analysis.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2025Pooled it
- Increased Leptin Levels in Plasma and Serum in Patients with Metabolic Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Pooled it
- The impact of intermittent fasting on gut microbiota: a systematic review of human studies.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Pooled it
- Tirzepatide after intensive lifestyle intervention in adults with overweight or obesity: the SURMOUNT-3 phase 3 trial.Nature medicine · 2023 · on this mapTrial
- Fasting as a Multisystem Health Modulator: A Narrative Review of Metabolic, Cardiovascular, Immune, Neurocognitive, and Psychospiritual Effects.Current nutrition reports · 2026Review
- Time-Restricted Feeding Attenuates Salt-Sensitive Hypertension and Renal Damage.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2025Article
- Article
- Interactions between exercise, environmental factors, and diet in modulating appetite-regulating hormones: implications for athletes and physically active individuals.Korean journal of family medicine · 2025Article
- Time Restricted Eating: A Valuable Alternative to Calorie Restriction for Addressing Obesity?Current obesity reports · 2025Review
- Fasting as an Adjuvant Therapy for Cancer: Mechanism of Action and Clinical Practice.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Time-restricted eating affects human adipose tissue fat mobilization.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2024Article
- Circadian Interventions in Preclinical Models of Huntington's Disease: A Narrative Review.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- AZGP1 in POMC neurons modulates energy homeostasis and metabolism through leptin-mediated STAT3 phosphorylation.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Fasting: From Physiology to Pathology.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2023Review
- Fasting diets: what are the impacts on eating behaviors, sleep, mood, and well-being?Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Review
- Dietary regulation in health and disease.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2022Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) is a common approach to inducing negative energy balance. Recently, time-restricted feeding (TRF), which involves consuming food within specific time windows during a 24-h day, has become popular owing to its relative ease of practice and potential to aid in achieving and maintaining a negative energy balance. TRF can be implemented intentionally with CR, or TRF might induce CR simply because of the time restriction. This review focuses on summarizing our current knowledge on how TRF and continuous CR affect gut peptides that influence satiety. Based on peer-reviewed studies, in response to CR there is an increase in the orexigenic hormone ghrelin and a reduction in fasting leptin and insulin. There is likely a reduction in glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), peptide YY (PYY), and cholecystokinin (CCK), albeit the evidence for this is weak. After TRF, unlike CR, fasting ghrelin decreased in some TRF studies, whereas it showed no change in several others. Further, a reduction in fasting leptin, insulin, and GLP-1 has been observed. In conclusion, when other determinants of food intake are held equal, the peripheral satiety systems appear to be somewhat similarly affected by CR and TRF with regard to leptin, insulin, and GLP-1. But unlike CR, TRF did not appear to robustly increase ghrelin, suggesting different influences on appetite with a potential decrease of hunger after TRF when compared with CR. However, there are several established and novel gut peptides that have not been measured within the context of CR and TRF, and studies that have evaluated effects of TRF are often short-term, with nonuniform study designs and highly varying temporal eating patterns. More evidence and studies addressing these aspects are needed to draw definitive conclusions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.