ReviewCancers2022
The Bright and the Dark Side of TGF-β Signaling in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Mechanisms, Dysregulation, and Therapeutic Implications.
Review in Cancers, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed.
- Translating Fibrosis to Malignancy: Biomarkers and Therapeutic Opportunities in Liver Fibrosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Investigating the role of the TGF-β-SLC20A1 axis in the spatial heterogeneity of hepatocellular carcinoma through single-cell and spatial transcriptomics.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Protodioscin enhances Methotrexate-induced senescence and senolytic activity in HepG2 liver cancer spheroids by modulating cell cycle regulators and the TGF-β/p-Smad2-4 signaling pathway.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Impact of pancreatic proenzymes on pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma associated fibroblasts.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Review
- Unravelling the reversion mechanisms of activated hepatic stellate cell properties by extracellular vesicles from mesenchymal stem cells.World journal of stem cells · 2025Review
- The Role ofCancers · 2025Review
- Growth differentiation factor 11 modulates metabolism, mitigating the pro-tumoral behavior provided by M2-like macrophages in hepatocellular carcinoma-derived cells.World journal of gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Clinicopathological insights and management of liver metastases: Current advances and future perspectives.World journal of hepatology · 2025Review
- Targeted Therapies Modulating Mesenchymal-Epithelial Transition-Linked Oncogenic Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment: Comparative Profiling of Capmatinib, Bemcentinib, and Galunisertib.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Reproducible autosomal gene expression changes with loss of typical X and Y complement across tumor types.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- The Multifaceted Role of miR-211 in Health and Disease.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Chronic Inflammation and Immune Dysregulation in Metabolic-Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease Progression: From Steatosis to Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Dose-Dependent Effects of TGF-β Inhibition on Osteoblast Differentiation and Wound Healing.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Article
- The miRNA-mRNA Regulatory Network in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Transcriptomic Analysis From GEO.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Loss of Arhgap39 facilitates cell migration and invasion in murine hepatocellular cancer cells.Oncology research · 2025Article
- Cancer stem cells in hepatocellular carcinoma: therapy resistance and emerging treatments.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Unraveling the role of heavy metals xenobiotics in cancer: a critical review.Discover oncology · 2024Review
- TRIM55 restricts the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma through ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated degradation of NF90.Cell death discovery · 2024Article
- Stabilization of TGF-β Receptor 1 by a Receptor-Associated Adaptor Dictates Feedback Activation of the TGF-β Signaling Pathway to Maintain Liver Cancer Stemness and Drug Resistance.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is associated with genetic and nongenetic aberrations that impact multiple genes and pathways, including the frequently dysregulated transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling pathway. The regulatory cytokine TGF-β and its signaling effectors govern a broad spectrum of spatiotemporally regulated molecular and cellular responses, yet paradoxically have dual and opposing roles in HCC progression. In the early stages of tumorigenesis, TGF-β signaling enforces profound tumor-suppressive effects, primarily by inducing cell cycle arrest, cellular senescence, autophagy, and apoptosis. However, as the tumor advances in malignant progression, TGF-β functionally switches to a pro-tumorigenic signal, eliciting aggressive tumor traits, such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition, tumor microenvironment remodeling, and immune evasion of cancer cells. On this account, the inhibition of TGF-β signaling is recognized as a promising therapeutic strategy for advanced HCC. In this review, we evaluate the functions and mechanisms of TGF-β signaling and relate its complex and pleiotropic biology to HCC pathophysiology, attempting to provide a detailed perspective on the molecular determinants underlying its functional diversion. We also address the therapeutic implications of the dichotomous nature of TGF-β signaling and highlight the rationale for targeting this pathway for HCC treatment, alone or in combination with other agents.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.