ArticleEuropean archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery2022
Correlation between olfactory function, age, sex, and cognitive reserve index in the Italian population.
Article in European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Assessing the Mediating Roles of Global Sensory Impairment, Social Isolation, and Loneliness in the Association Between Education and Cognitive Function.Journal of applied gerontology : the official journal of the Southern Gerontological Society · 2026Article
- Dual Remission in Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Asthma and CRSwNP Treated with Dupilumab: A 24-Month Real-World Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Assessment and behavioural management options for older adults with declined smell and taste functions: a scoping review.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2026Article
- Article
- Correlations between Gustatory, Olfactory, Cognitive Function, and Age in Healthy Women.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Methodologies for smellwalks and scentwalks-a critical review.Chemical senses · 2024Review
- Associations between olfactory dysfunction and cognition: a scoping review.Journal of neurology · 2024Article
- Retinal Alterations Predict Early Prodromal Signs of Neurodegenerative Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Odor Identification Across Time in Mutation Carriers and Non-Carriers in Autosomal-Dominant Alzheimer's Disease.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2024Article
- Overnight olfactory enrichment using an odorant diffuser improves memory and modifies the uncinate fasciculus in older adults.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Review
- Article
- Olfaction Recovery following Dupilumab Is Independent of Nasal Polyp Reduction in CRSwNP.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
30 authors.
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Abstract
purposeLoss of smell decreases the quality of life and contributes to the failure in recognizing hazardous substances. Given the relevance of olfaction in daily life, it is important to recognize an undiagnosed olfactory dysfunction to prevent these possible complications. Up to now, the prevalence of smell disorders in Italy is unknown due to a lack of epidemiological studies. Hence, the primary aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in a sample of Italian adults.
methodsSix hundred and thirty-three participants (347 woman and 286 men; mean age 44.9 years, SD 17.3, age range 18-86) were recruited from 10 distinct Italian regions. Participants were recruited using a convenience sapling and were divided into six different age groups: 18-29 years (N = 157), 30-39 years (N = 129), 40-49 years (N = 99), 50-59 years (N = 106), > 60 years (N = 142). Olfactory function, cognitive abilities, cognitive reserve, and depression were assessed, respectively, with: Sniffin' Sticks 16-item Odor Identification Test, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Cognitive Reserve Index, and the Beck Depression Inventory. Additionally, socio-demographic data, medical history, and health-related lifestyle information were collected.
resultsAbout 27% of participants showed an odor identification score < 12 indicating hyposmia. Multiple regression analysis revealed that OI was significantly correlated with age, sex, and cognitive reserve index, and young women with high cognitive reserve index showing the highest olfactory scores.
conclusionThis study provides data on the prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in different Italian regions.
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