Evidence mapPaperPMID 35215263Full record

ReviewPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)2022

Beyond Lipid-Lowering: Effects of Statins on Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases and Cancer.

Yoichi Morofuji, Shinsuke Nakagawa, Kenta Ujifuku, Takashi Fujimoto, Kaishi Otsuka, Masami Niwa, Keisuke Tsutsumi

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 82 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
82citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
11.7field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

82 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 132 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Pitavastatin Is Well-Tolerated With no Detrimental Effects on Physical Function.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025 · on this map
    Trial
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Lipid metabolism, microglia, and stroke.Neural regeneration research · 2026
    Article
  8. Review
  9. The burden of cardiovascular disease in prostate cancer: prevalence, pathophysiology, and implications for integrated care.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2026
    Review
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Observational
  16. Statins for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in Germany: benefits and costs.Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society · 2026
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. The therapeutic potential of atorvastatin in treatment ofFrontiers in veterinary science · 2026
    Article
  20. Review

22 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Yoichi MorofujiDepartment of Neurosurgery, National Hospital Organization Nagasaki Medical Center, 2-1001-1 Kubara, Omura 856-8562, Japan.ORCID 0000-0001-7135-2220
Shinsuke NakagawaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.ORCID 0000-0001-7945-9719
Kenta UjifukuDepartment of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan.ORCID 0000-0003-3481-8508
Takashi FujimotoDivision of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98108, USA.
Kaishi OtsukaDepartment of Cardiology, National Hospital Organization Nagasaki Medical Center, 2-1001-1 Kubara, Omura 856-8562, Japan.
Masami NiwaBBB Laboratory, PharmaCo-Cell Company Ltd., Dai-ichi-senshu bldg. 2nd Floor, 6-19 Chitose-machi, Nagasaki 852-8135, Japan.ORCID 0000-0001-5138-5180
Keisuke TsutsumiDepartment of Neurosurgery, National Hospital Organization Nagasaki Medical Center, 2-1001-1 Kubara, Omura 856-8562, Japan.
Nagasaki Medical Center · JPFukuoka University · JPNagasaki University · JPUniversity of Washington · US

Funding

Fukuoka University 211032Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) 19K09531Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) 20K09351Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (Fostering Joint International Research) 20KK0254Japan Society for the Promotion of Science JSPS and the Hungarian Academy of Sciences under the Japan-Hungary Research Cooperative Program
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors, also known as statins, are administered as first-line therapy for hypercholesterolemia, both as primary and secondary prevention. Besides the lipid-lowering effect, statins have been suggested to inhibit the development of cardiovascular disease through anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, vascular endothelial function-improving, plaque-stabilizing, and platelet aggregation-inhibiting effects. The preventive effect of statins on atherothrombotic stroke has been well established, but statins can influence other cerebrovascular diseases. This suggests that statins have many neuroprotective effects in addition to lowering cholesterol. Furthermore, research suggests that statins cause pro-apoptotic, growth-inhibitory, and pro-differentiation effects in various malignancies. Preclinical and clinical evidence suggests that statins inhibit tumor growth and induce apoptosis in specific cancer cell types. The pleiotropic effects of statins on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases have been well established; however, the effects of statins on cancer patients have not been fully elucidated and are still controversial. This review discusses the recent evidence on the effects of statins on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and cancer. Additionally, this study describes the pharmacological action of statins, focusing on the aspect of 'beyond lipid-lowering'.

Indexed as

cancercardiovascular diseasescerebrovascular diseasespleiotropic effectstatin

Identifiers

PMID35215263
PMCPMC8877351
OpenAlexW4220799083

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.