ArticleViruses2022
Effectiveness of Hepatitis B Vaccination Campaign in Italy: Towards the Control of HBV Infection for the First Time in a European Country.
Article in Viruses, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Changing Pattern of HDV Infection in Italy Over 40 Years; the Current Scenario and the Impending Challenge.Journal of viral hepatitis · 2026Review
- Italy's NITAG shift: implications for public trust in vaccines.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2025Article
- Persistence of Anti-HB Antibodies in Healthcare Trainees: The Impact of Childhood Versus Adolescent Vaccination.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Impact of the Hepatitis B Immunization Strategy Adopted in Italy from 1991: The Results of a Seroprevalence Study on the Adult Population of Florence, Italy.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- Article
- Vaccination Campaign against Hepatitis B Virus in Italy: A History of Successful Achievements.Vaccines · 2023Review
- Trends of infections and mortality due to hepatitis B virus (2005-2022) and the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: a population-based study in Poland.Clinical and experimental hepatology · 2023Article
- Review
- A Historical Overview on the Role of Hepatitis B and C Viruses as Aetiological Factors for Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Cancers · 2023Review
- Epidemiological and clinical aspects of hepatitis B virus infection in Italy over the last 50 years.World journal of gastroenterology · 2022Review
- Hepatitis B Vaccination: A Historical Overview with a Focus on the Italian Achievements.Viruses · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIn 1991, a mass immunization campaign against the hepatitis B virus (HBV) for children and teenagers was introduced in Italy. This study evaluated the impact of the immunization campaign on the incidence and modes of HBV transmission.
methodAcute HBV cases of viral hepatitis were reported to the National Surveillance System (SEIEVA). Hepatitis A cases reported to the same system were used as controls to calculate the adjusted odds ratios and the population attributable risk for potential risk factors.
resultsThe incidence of acute HBV declined from 5.0 in 1990 to 0.4 in 2019 per 100,000 population. The fall was almost total in people targeted by the campaign: in 2019, zero cases (100% reduction) in the age-group 0-14 years and 0.1 cases per 100,000 population (99.4% reduction) in the age-group 15-24 years were reported. In the decade 2010-2019, nearly one-fifth (19.3%) of cases occurred in foreigners. Intravenous drug use is no longer a risk factor (OR = 0.7; 95% CI = 0.5-1.02). Beauty treatments, risky sexual exposure, and household contact with an HBsAg carrier were found to be independent predictors of acute hepatitis B.
conclusionsThe HB vaccination campaign proved effective in minimising acute HBV in Italy. Control of the infection is close to being reached for the first time in Europe.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.