ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2022
Gremlin-1 and BMP-4 Overexpressed in Osteoarthritis Drive an Osteochondral-Remodeling Program in Osteoblasts and Hypertrophic Chondrocytes.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- The ganglioside GD3 and its synthase (ST8SIA1) as novel senescence markers associated with osteoarthritis.GeroScience · 2026Article
- TGF-β/BMP signaling in skeletal biology: molecular mechanisms, regulatory networks, and therapeutic implications in development, regeneration, and disease.Bone research · 2026Review
- Abnormal mechanical load aggravates subchondral bone remodeling and uneven tibial plateau settlement in knee osteoarthritis via activation of osteoblast Piezo1-Ca²⁺-JAK2/STAT3 signaling.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Article
- Insights into the bone morphogenetic protein signaling in musculoskeletal disorders: Mechanisms and crosstalk.Journal of orthopaedic translation · 2025Review
- Emerging Strategies for Bioactive Agent-Loaded Xenogeneic Bone Scaffolds in Regenerative Medicine: A Comprehensive Review.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Review
- The Role of the Bone Morphogenetic Protein Antagonist Noggin in Nucleus Pulposus Intervertebral Disc Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Signalling interaction between β-catenin and other signalling molecules during osteoarthritis development.Cell proliferation · 2024Review
- Progress of Wnt Signaling Pathway in Osteoporosis.Biomolecules · 2023Review
- Intervertebral disc degeneration and osteoarthritis: a common molecular disease spectrum.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2023Review
- Osteoarthritis: pathogenic signaling pathways and therapeutic targets.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2023Review
- MiR-20a-5p facilitates cartilage repair in osteoarthritis via suppressing mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 2.Bioengineered · 2022Article
- New perspective of skeletal stem cells.Biomaterials translational · 2022Review
- Silencing of Angiopoietin-Like Protein 4 (Angptl4) Decreases Inflammation, Extracellular Matrix Degradation, and Apoptosis in Osteoarthritis via the Sirtuin 1/NF-Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a whole joint disease characterized by an important remodeling of the osteochondral junction. It includes cartilage mineralization due to chondrocyte hypertrophic differentiation and bone sclerosis. Here, we investigated whether gremlin-1 (Grem-1) and its BMP partners could be involved in the remodeling events of the osteochondral junction in OA. We found that Grem-1, BMP-2, and BMP-4 immunostaining was detected in chondrocytes from the deep layer of cartilage and in subchondral bone of knee OA patients, and was positively correlated with cartilage damage. ELISA assays showed that bone released more Grem-1 and BMP-4 than cartilage, which released more BMP-2. In vitro experiments evidenced that compression stimulated the expression and the release of Grem-1 and BMP-4 by osteoblasts. Grem-1 was also overexpressed during the prehypertrophic to hypertrophic differentiation of murine articular chondrocytes. Recombinant Grem-1 stimulated Mmp-3 and Mmp-13 expression in murine chondrocytes and osteoblasts, whereas recombinant BMP-4 stimulated the expression of genes associated with angiogenesis (Angptl4 and osteoclastogenesis (Rankl and Ccl2). In conclusion, Grem-1 and BMP-4, whose expression at the osteochondral junction increased with OA progression, may favor the pathological remodeling of the osteochondral junction by inducing a catabolic and tissue remodeling program in hypertrophic chondrocytes and osteoblasts.
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