SynthesisPsychological bulletin2021
Depression and episodic memory across the adult lifespan: A meta-analytic review.
Synthesis in Psychological bulletin, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Rethinking the psychosis spectrum: A meta-analysis unveils a nonlinear discontinuity in verbal learning deficits between at-risk conditions and psychotic disorders.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2025Pooled it
- Speech analysis for detecting depression in older adults: a systematic review.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Pooled it
- Resetting the hippocampal buffer: a neurocognitive account of psychedelic therapy for anxiety-related psychopathology.Psychopharmacology · 2026Review
- Associations Between Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy, Cognitive Impairment, and Depressive Symptoms.Neurology · 2026Article
- The impact of mental health symptoms on relational memory performance.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2026Article
- Association Between Educational Attainment and Depressive Symptom Severity Among Young-Old Adults Aged 60-74 Years: The Mediating Role of Self-Reported Memory Function.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- A depression-like phenotype is associated with discrete defects in the primary hippocampal circuit.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Negative Hits Hit Different.Affective science · 2026Article
- Variability in self-reported depression symptomology and associated behavioral markers in digital phenotyping.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Associations between sleep and episodic memory performance in a diverse adult lifespan community-based sample: The Offspring study.Sleep health · 2026Article
- The effect of subjective perception of memory and objective cognitive performance on negative affective symptoms in older adults.BMC geriatrics · 2026Article
- Article
- Memory in Psychiatric Disorders: A Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Examining working and episodic memory in young adults with anhedonia.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2025Article
- Behavioral and eye-tracking investigation of event segmentation following short video watching.NPJ science of learning · 2025Article
- Emotional Arousal-Induced Episodic Memory Benefits Are Attenuated in Autism Spectrum Disorders, Especially in Older Age.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2025Article
- Early life stress impairs hippocampal subfield myelination.Communications biology · 2025Article
- [Impact of body composition and psychological state on executive functions in individuals with obesity].Anales del sistema sanitario de Navarra · 2025Article
- Drug-Induced Cognitive Impairment.Drug safety · 2025Review
- The effects of shared, depression-specific, and anxiety-specific internalizing symptoms on negative and neutral episodic memories following post-learning sleep.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Episodic memory deficits have increasingly been recognized as a cognitive feature of depression. To quantify these deficits and determine how they are moderated by various tasks (e.g., stimulus valence) and participant (e.g., age, depression diagnosis) variables, we conducted a three-level meta-analysis on 995 effect sizes derived from 205 studies with 236 unique comparisons between depressive and control groups on episodic memory measures. Overall, depression was associated with small to moderate deficits in episodic memory, Hedges' g = -0.36, 95% CI [-0.41 to -0.31]. Effects were larger in older age, in diagnosed compared to subthreshold depression, and in those taking medication for depression; effects did not differ between those with current and remitted symptoms. Stimulus valence moderated the effects, such that depression-related deficits were particularly pronounced for positive and neutral stimuli, but not for negative stimuli. Educational attainment served as a sort of protective factor, in that at higher levels of education, depressed group performance was more similar to that of controls. These findings confirm the episodic memory deficits in depression but highlight the important differences in the size of these deficits across a number of task- and participant-related variables. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.